Check list of the marine commercial and reef fishes of Belitung Timur , Bangka Belitung Islands , Indonesia

Marine fish community is very sensitive to environmental changes. So the number of species, abundance, and biodiversity index can be used as a reference to assess the quality of the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to describe fish biodiversity in Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Three islands were visited i.e. Pekandis Island, and Keran Island, Gosong Semut (Gosong refers to sandbar) for reef fish survey and for the economical fish study we also visited fisheries landing sites (i.e. Teluk Pering, Tanjung Batu Pulas, and Pantai Burung Mandi). The underwater visual census was used for in situ surveys of reef fish, and the fish species landed in fisheries landing site also been checked. Forty-two families of economical fish that had been landed by local fishermen were identified, and ten families of reef fish were found in reef systems of research location. A total of 10 families were recorded from three islands in Belitung Timur Regency. In addition, 42 families of commercial fish were also observed in fish landing sites from the coastline of Belitung Timur Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands.


INTRODUCTION
Reef fish is one of the coastal community that lives with abundant number in the coral reef ecosystem (Sale, 1977;Jones et al., 1999;Mumby et al., 2004).Reef fish is an important resource for people living in coastal areas and also the highest fauna in the utilization rate compared to other community that lives or associates with coral reef ecosystems (Moberg and Folke, 1999;Barbier et al., 2011).It is estimated that around 60% of the source of animal protein consumed by the Indonesian population comes from reef fish (McAlliste and Ansula, 2005).
This study was conducted in the coastline of Belitung Timur Regency (Bangka Belitung Island) in November 2012.The aim of this study is to describe fish biodiversity in Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia.The result of this study is important as comparative data and complementary for previous and future study.This study is part of "Management and Rehabilitation of Coral Reefs, Mangroves, Seagrass, Estuary and, Gulf -Belitung Timur Regency" study, facilitated by the Regional Environment Agency (BLHD) of Belitung Timur Regency in 2012.Therefore, the objective of the study was to to describe fish biodiversity in Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia.

Study Location
This study was conducted in the coastline of Belitung Timur Regency (Belitung Island) in November 2012 (see Figure 1).The sampling site was defined arbitrarily for represent Belitung Timur Regency.

Data collection
This research was conducted in two methods, First with identifying fish species that had landed by local fishermen in main fisheries landing sites in Belitung Timur Regency (i.e.Teluk Pering, Tanjung Batu Pulas and Pantai Burung Mandi).The study was conducted by identifying landed fishes and also deep-interview with the fishermen, fish traders, and local officials of the Marine and http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/AJASFisheries Agency.The fisherman generally used the small fishing boat (< 20-30 GT), so they were capturing fishes commonly near Karimata Strait, and surroundings (Fisheries Management Area Number 711 / WPPNRI 711).Secondly, reef fish community was observed in the northern part of Belitung Timur Regency (i.e.Pekandis Island, Keran Island, Gosong Semut).The Survey was done during daylight with Underwater Visual Census method (Hill and Wilkinson, 2004) using 4 m x 50 m transect line in the coral reef slope area.

Fish identification and data analysis
The fish sample was taxonomically identified based on morphology following Allen (1999) and Kuiter and Takamasa (2001).The identification of reef fish up to species level.Identification of fish caught by fishermen is limited to the family level.The data were presented in tables and graphs a then analyzed descriptively by comparing the data with previous studies and other relevant reports.

Commercial Fish Capture by Fisherman
Commercial fish species collected based on fishermen interviews and observations on fisheries landing sites showed that the number of fish families in this study was more, from other studies, in coastal and marine areas of the Bangka Belitung Province.We discovered 129 species from 42 families of the commercial fish caught by fishermen at fisheries landing sites in Belitung Timur (Appendix 1).We found 31 families at Teluk Pering and 34 families at Tanjung Batu Pulas, and 28 families at Pantai Burung Mandi, both reef and pelagic fish are obtained (Table 1).The family of Carangidae is the most common commercial fish captured by the fisherman in Belitung Timur Regency.

DISCUSSION
Thirty-one family from 93 species of commercial fishes from fisheries landing sites around Belitung Timur Regency (i.e.Teluk Pering, Tanjung Batu Pulas and Pantai Burung Mandi) were recorded in this study.These fishes were caught from surrounding waters of Bangka Belitung Islands as far as Karimata Strait to the North.Commercial fish from family of Carangidae is the commonly captured by the fisherman in the Bangka Belitung waters.This fish characteristically inhabits shallow coral reefs (Iwatsuki et al., 2000), such being common around Bangka Belitung Islands.
Ten reef fish families were found in the coastline of Belitung Timur, Bangka Belitung Islands (i.e.Pekandis Island, Keran Island, Gosong Semut).In Comparison, Hukom (2010) reported 108 species from 25 families in Teluk Kelabat, and Apriza et al., (2016) reported 7 families (from 13 species) of reef fish in Sungailiat (both in Bangka Island).In Belitung Island, Sumadiharga et. al. (2006) found 18 fish families (from 42 species) in the coastline of Belitung Barat (western part of the present study, inside Gaspar Strait).Generally, the reef fish community in the study area are dominated by two families, i.e.Pomacentridae, Labridae (Figure 2b-d).Both of these families are well-known reef fish that commonly found in Indo-Pacific coral reef ecosystems (Barber and Bellwood, 2005;Read et al., 2006;Allen, 2008).Pomacentridae family is classified as ornamental reef fish which are widely exported as seawater aquarium decorations such as clownfish (Chan and Sadovy, 2000).Fish from the Labridae family are both ornamental fish and consumption (Watson et al., 1996;Letourneur et la., 1998;Chan and Sadovy, 2000;Kaunda-Arara et al., 2003).
One species of the Labridae group i.e.Choerodon rubescens is an economically important fish for the coastal people of Belitung Island and another region across Indo-Pacific (Cure, 2016), also found the Lutjanidae and Carangidae families who are often found foraging in the coral reef ecosystem (Robertson, 1982;Glynn, 2004).Family Serranidae (Grouper) is another reef fish consumption with high economic value, but this fish is not found in the observation area.However, based on fishing gear type used by fishermen in the Teluk Pering and the presence of floating net cages from grouper collectors in Keran Island, it can be concluded that there is actually Serranidae family in this area.Scaridae family were also found at the study site.Scaridae is an important ecological role in coral reef ecosystem (Bellwood and Choat, 1990).This fish is a dominant herbivorous fish by eating microalgae attached to dead coral, play an important role in limiting the growth rate of algae in coral reef ecosystems.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, 10 fish families were discovered using underwater visual census in three islands in Belitung Timur Regency (i.e.Pekandis Island, and Keran Island, Gosong Semut).Also, 42 families of commercial fish were observed in fisheries landing sites from the coastline of Belitung Timur Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands.http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/AJAS