1. Economic Analysis Between Two Different Systems of Goat Farming Business in Asahan District, North Sumatera

The study was conducted in the Tinggi Raja village and Sumber Harapan Village of Sub district Tinggi Raja, in the Asahan District. Each location study has the same agro-ecosystems. The study was conducted using survey method in year of 2013 by interviewing 15 farmers respondent as cooperators and 15 non-cooperators. Primary data and secondary data were analyzed economically, using descriptive and quantitative tabulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in business of goat breeders for economic analysis. The results showed that the net profit of the business of goats in cooperators breeders at the amount of Rp.8.411.168,83/year, B/C ratio of 1.4. Then for the non-cooperator farmers at the amount of Rp.1.644.051.24/year, B/C ratio of 1.2. This data showed that the benefit of farmer cooperators is higher than the non cooperator breeders. Therefore we need to implement the introduction of technological innovations for the farmer in non-cooperators breeders. For cooperators they could get into commercial business, that resulted in their goats achieving a higher market value in terms of price.


Background
Raising goats is an important component in livestock farming in the village, because raising goats on a small scale can help the economy of farmers. Besides, the goat is one of the commodities that are maintained by farmers as a source of protein for the community, as savings, additional revenue utilization of the yard and litter can be used as manure. Goats in North Sumatra (Subdistrict Tinggi Raja) raising with the grazing system by their owner. The nature of the goat fast reproduction and high adaptation to various conditions agro-ecosystems, then goats widely kept in rural Simon, (2010).
Enterprises goat is one source of income for farmer to support the income of farmers in addition to other agricultural businesses. Challenges that are often encountered in the development of livestock business is the ability to meet the needs of feed for the improvement of livestock production and reproduction by way of guidance to farmers whose area has a relatively high potential. Saenab and Waryat (2005), argues that one of the determining factors in business success of ruminants is a guarantee the availability of quality crops. The availability of agricultural land, vacant land plantations, fields, rice paddies and fields, are potential to provide feed for goat, such as grass or various agricultural wastes that can be utilized.
Business development goats considered very suitable in conditions of agricultural area, because goats are known adaptable to various conditions of rural agro-ecosystems and the complementary efforts in a system of food crops Winarso, (2010). Goat is productive and adaptive enough to local environmental conditions, so its easy to development. This development can be directed out of Java given the magnitude of the natural resources in these areas of considerable potential, Sutama (2004).
Subdistrict of Tinggi Raja in Asahan district is a plantation areas, rubber plantations, palm oil plantation and moor which is a source of fodder, such as, grass bracilia, gliricidiaa, lamtoro, calliandra, star grass, king grass, racket grass, Jampang grass and agricultural waste such as plant corn, soybeans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, cassava and rice straw. Based on the problems mentioned above, it is necessary to research on operating revenues goats in farmers. The purpose of this paper was to determine the increase in business goat in economic analysis conducted in the group of breeders and non-breeders group.

Materials and Methods
The location and timing of research This study was done in Taman Rusa Zoo The study was conducted in the Tinggi Raja village and Sumber Harapan Village in Subdistrict Tinggi Raja, Ashan District. Each study site has the same agroecosystems. The quation of the two locations have sufficient sources of fodder for goats needs. The distinguishes of two village is farmer group. Tinggi Raja Village has integrated livestock groups, while the Sumber Harapan Village raising livestock expectations alone do not have a group.
The study was conducted by the method of the survey in 2013, against 15 farmer in Farmer group (cooperators) and 15 farmer do not have agroup (noncooperators) using questionnaire and structured interviews.

Data analysis
According to information from the Department of Agricultural Extension and local husbandry criteria goat population of primary data and secondary data were collected and analyzed using descriptive tabulation and analysis of income economies. Operating revenues goats (Rp / farmer / year), which is based on the difference between revenues and expenses from the calculation (Cost and retun analysis), according to Amir and Kingscheer (1989). Labor (Rp / Day Working Person (DWP)) shows the amount of remuneration derived breeders who poured for 5 hours (one DWP).
The amount of labor allocation can of calculating the total receipts (cash and non-cash) for one year divided by total outpouring of labor (DWP) for one year. Keep in mind the farmers never count the cost of labor. The amount of labor productivity can be calculated by the formula Rusdiana and Ratna (2009).

Results and Discussion The mastery of goat on farmers
A stretch of vacant land (moor), palm oil plantations and rubber plantations there is grass and agricultural waste, its affect to the growth raising goat. Number of goats kept by livestock farmers from year to year is relatively fixed. The average mastery of goats kept by the respondent of the livestock farmers cooperator and non cooperator seen in Table.1.
In Table 1 shows that percentage of the Tinggi Raja Village, adult females occupy top positions on average 6.2 head or about 34.06%, and the Sumber Harapan Village on average 2.5 head or about 31.89%. The farmer cooperators and noncooperators breeders to develop business goat with traditional system, goat development opportunities among others by increasing the number of parent and offspring reproduce the child, the parent ownership scale average of 6.2 and 2.5 head, then a parent per year can produce at least 8% per year of the total family income. Source : Data from the breeder in though (2013) Thus, the number and productivity of goats adult male and adult female will determine the amount of effort the role of farmers in the farmers' income structure. However, the role of goats male and goats female are the highest revenue contribution, despite the fact that the farmer has not been attention. This further strengthens the evidence that components of goats in the utilization of vacant land (moor), palm oil and rubber plantations stronger and can adapt to the environment in addition to the components of the plant.
Results of the survey showed that the labor to raising goats effort does not increase. Increasing the number of animals kept 18.2 head by cooperator and 7.6 head by non cooperator. the labor breeder calculated based on the allocation of time spent by each breeder in maintenance effort goats, time spent around 5 hours/working days, counted as 1 DWP, with costs Rp 5000, shown in Description 5 working hours counted as 1 WDP Rp.5000.

Economic analysis of business goat
Raising goat in farmer can be used as a primary business farmers. So that farmer non-cooperators breeders immediately thrust towards commercial business, so that goats are reared gets higher sale value in terms of market goat. In this study the scale used is the average scale of 18.2 head cooperator and averaging scale farmer 7.6 head non cooperator farmers consists of 6.2 females parent stock and 2.5 head adult male to cooperator. While non cooperator breeder adult female 2,4 head and adult male 1.0 head. Cash receipts only concentrated on selling goats per year and not allocated sales of manure, because its everything used for crops fertilizer.
To see the economic analysis of the business goats, which is calculated based on the reception at reducing the costs for maintenance and can be seen in Table 3  Proceeds from sale of goat in 2012.

Conclusion
Raising of goats economically beneficial to the farmer cooperators around Rp.8.411.168,83/year, B/C ratio of 1.4, and the non-cooperator farmers around Rp.1.644.051,24/year, B/C ratio 1.2. For the farmer non-cooperators immediately pushed towards commercial purposes, so that goats are kept by the farmer gets a higher sale value in terms of the market price of a goat.