OVERVIEW OF THESIS WRITING GUIDELINES FOR THE FACULTY OF LAW, SYIAH KUALA UNIVERSITY AND ITS RELATION TO JOHNY IBRAHIM'S NORMATIVE LEGAL RESEARCH METHODS

Article Info Abstrak Received : 04/10/2021 Approved: 28/12/2021 DOI: 10.24815/sklj.v5i3.22967 This paper is intended to understand the description and characteristics of legal research produced by law faculty students and developed by law scientists and researchers at Syiah Kuala University as a sample case. Does the description of the research results of legal researchers, including students and legal scientists, follow the characteristics and legal paradigms that tend to be classical or have they led to the development of contemporary legal theories.


I. INTRODUCTION
This paper is to provide an overview of some rational considerations for (candidate) researchers in choosing problems and research topics to be carried out. Before researchers or students conduct research, they must consider these factors and ask for feedback from others regarding the proposed research topic of their thesis or thesis. For example, students ask for feedback from colleagues and prospective supervisors.
Judging from a number of participatory experiences of the two authors, both as guidance and testing of scientific works, especially theses, it was found that students writing theses at the Faculty of Law, Syiah Kuala University did not pay attention to the considerations above. The reasons that come up are because they want to finish quickly and consider, do not have a strong idea and are almost unrelated to the career of the researcher. Even the researchers did not consider the academic reasons for the research just because it was considered easy, the supervisor agreed and considered the most important thing to be a thesis exam, and later the thesis examiner board would definitely pass it.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, after Immanuel Kant used it in the essay, "Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment?" (1784). As a philosopher, Kant claimed the phrase Sopere oude as the motto for the entire period of the Enlightenment, and used it to develop his theories of the application of Reason in the public sphere of human affairs. (seehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapere aude) Jan 2, 2017. (During the 17th and 18th centuries, after Immanuel Kant used it in the essay, "Answering the Question: What was the Enlightenment?" (1784). As a philosopher, Kant claimed the phrase Sopere oude as the motto for all period of the Enlightenment, and used it to develop his theory of the application of Reason in the public sphere of human affairs. 1 Kant answered the question in the first sentence of his essay: "Enlightenment is the emergence of man from his own immaturity." He gave the philosophical argument that immaturity is caused by oneself not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to use one's reason, intelligence, and wisdom without the guidance of others. He exclaims that the motto of enlightenment is "Sagere aude" -Dare to be wise human beings, that is, those who declare what their own thoughts are. This paper is intended to understand the description and characteristics of legal research produced by law faculty students and developed by law scientists and researchers at Syiah Kuala University as a sample case. Does the description of the research results of legal researchers, including students and legal scientists, follow the characteristics and legal paradigms that tend to be classical or have they led to the development of contemporary legal theories.
Formal science and empirical science are the genus of the theoretical science group, namely science that is oriented to acquire knowledge only by changing and/or adding knowledge. As a vis-avis theoretical science, it is a practical science, namely a science that studies the applicative activities themselves as objects of study, to change circumstances, or offer solutions to a concrete problem.
Practical science is categorized into two major groups, namely (1) nomological practical science and (2) normological practical science. The practical science of nomology seeks to acquire factualempirical knowledge, namely knowledge about the "ceteris-paribus" aleg relationship (other things being equal) based on the causality-deterministic principle. Meanwhile, practical normative science seeks to find a relationship between two or more things based on the principle of putation (linking responsibilities/obligations) to determine what should be the obligations of certain subjects in concrete situations, but in reality what should happen must naturally happen. Normological practical science is also called normative science or dogmatic science. 1 (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapere aude) January 2, 2017. Kant answers the question in the first sentence of the essay: "Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity." He argues that the immaturity is self-inflicted not from a lack of understanding, but from the lack of courage to use one's reason, intellect, and wisdom without the guidance of another. He exclaims that the motto of enlightenment is "Sagere aude"! -Dare to be wise! Here, it can be seen that the processed material in dogmatic law can be logical because it does not deal with the factual side that actually occurs in the context of space and time. The law sometimes doesn't even need the right-false aspect in the factual sense, considering that fiction can also be accommodated into a binding norm as well. In legal science, there are so many legal fictions that are consciously used to help legal performance so that positive law becomes more effective and effective.
For example, the command that everyone without exception is obliged to know about the legal provisions currently in force in a place, is clearly an illogical norm, as well as not factual.
On the basis of these characteristics, legal science [dogmatic] or legal dogmatics can be considered a unique science. the science thatsui generis. The uniqueness of dogmatic law lies in the aspect of prescriptive norms and aspects of national acceptance. These two aspects invite objections to logical positivism, who long for a unified science(Einheitswissenchaft). The feature is the similarity of methods. In the development of science over the last decade, the search forEinheitswissenschaftit was considered obsolete. Other perspectives on the scientific criteria have been opened. That is, there is no necessity to measure the scientific knowledge of law, only with the perspective of the logical positivism.
In principle, good research begins with a direct and simple thought, easy to read and understand. There are several questions that should be asked when a researcher, student plans to conduct a scientific research. These include the following considerations: (a) can a planned topic be researched, given the time, resources, and sources of information (materials or data) available? (b) is there a personal interest in the topic to support his concern? (c) will the results of the research be useful to others (in the research area and country?); (d) is it possible that the topic will be published in a scientific journal? (or appeal to an education committee?); (e) does the research (1) fill a gap, (2) 2 Sidharta, Bernard Arief (1999 Before researchers or students conduct research, they must consider these factors and ask for feedback from others regarding the proposed research topic of their thesis or thesis. For example, students ask for feedback from colleagues and prospective supervisors. In this context, I want to explain how the guidelines for writing a thesis are carried out, and how the Format or Outline of Legal Research Scientific Papers is made.

II. RESEARCH METHOD
This research method is included in the category of normative legal research. The normative understanding in this paper may differ greatly from the understanding of most legal scientists in Indonesia, who only understand normative research as norms that have been standardized or recorded.
In this case, normative is understood as an adjective from a legal noun. So that what is actually meant is normativity, namely the virtue contained in norms related to transcendence as a pure rational reasoning work which refers to deontological morals in Kant's categorical imperative. Thus, law is a practice based on text (writing), a practice based on the authority to create and apply legally valid texts. A practice is defined as a set of rules of social practice, the rules implicit in some established form of social activity. National laws are made and applied by social institutions, such as legislatures, courts, and administrative bodies where society governs itself. 3 . Based on this definition, normative law is empirical.
Furthermore, Wellman also said that constitutional law is a legal entity that forms a nation state, especially by allocating fundamental legal powers. This may, but may not need to be, codified in a written document. Even when those fundamental legal powers are codified, they are supplemented by an unwritten law consisting of institutionalized practices of interpretation and application and including constitutional conventions. 4 .
From the point of view of substance, it is known that there are formal sciences and empirical sciences. 5 Formal science refers to valid and systematic knowledge that does not rely on empirical experience, its object of study focuses on pure structure, namely the analysis of operational rules and logical structures. For example, logic, mathematics, and systems theory. Meanwhile, empirical sciences (positive sciences: natural sciences and human sciences) refer more to efforts to obtain 3 Wellman, Constitutional Rights -What They Are and What They Ought to be, 2016 p. 1. 4 Ibid 5 Wim van Dooren argues that science can be defined as intersubjectively valid knowledge in a particular field of reality which rests on one or more starting points and is systematically arranged. For CA, van Peursen defines that science is a policy, a strategy to obtain reliable knowledge about reality, which people carry out against (regarding) reality, See Bernad Arif Sidharta, factual knowledge about actual reality, and therefore are based on (empirical) and experimental experience.
Formal science and empirical science are the genus of the theoretical science group, namely science that is oriented to acquire knowledge only by changing and/or adding knowledge. As a vis-avis theoretical science, it is a practical science, namely a science that studies the applicative activities themselves as objects of study, to change circumstances, or offer solutions to a concrete problem.
Practical science is categorized into two major groups, namely (1) nomological practical science and (2)

First Problem Subchapter
In A scientific work (thesis: thesis, dissertation) is prepared to contribute to the treasures of science, in the form of developing concepts, definitions, propositions, and solving practical legal problems, or scientific descriptions of an object of research. 7 As a scientific work, a thesis must show its originality, not duplication/plagiarism of the results of other people's research that violates copyright. Writing a thesis, for example, must pay attention to copyright, ethics, and scientific principles. In addition, scientific writing must use a good and correct Indonesian structure or grammar in accordance with the "Perfected Spelling, EYD".

A.1. The Purpose of Writing Thesis
The purpose of writing a thesis or thesis is to (a) be able to compile and write a research proposal in accordance with the field of law of interest; (b) conduct legal research relevant to legal 6 Explanations can be used to explain different things, but they are very much needed in the discussion. Example: In the context of customary law of the sea, it is known that there is a customary law institution of the sea (Abdullah, 2015 matters; (c) documenting and communicating ideas and findings in the field of law; (d) able to analyze legal materials and or information on legal matters; (e) able to develop the competence of law students through thinking and being scientific; and (f) solving legal problems as a symptom that develops in society, as well as communicating their thoughts in writing in the form of a thesis.

A.2. Title Mechanism and Process
Regarding the form of the final project chosen by the students, it must be in accordance with their talents, interests, and abilities.
and his ability to solve legal problems; These talents and interests will be tested at the Research Proposal seminar and Thesis Session which are held openly; In connection with the use of the Indonesian language in accordance with the EYD in order to fulfill the scientific language (language of science). Scientific language is not addressed to concrete things and named, personal persons. Scientific language is governed by logical rules, definitions that have a single meaning, and words that are accepted by the scientific community (general). The language of science clears language and makes it an object of research, by limiting emotional and subjective understanding.
Theorem: 2+3=5 including arithmetic language; but the expression "strange, that 2+3=5", it does not belong to Arithmetic language, but is a daily language record of arithmetical theorems.
Everyday language, mixed lingo, "epilanguage"; a new scientific language system, the goal of which is the investigation of the language of an existing science, "metalanguage". It is the same with "ordinary observations" and "scientific observations."

A.3. Research Proposal Systematics (UP)
Regarding the title of scientific work. The design of a scientific research starts from the process of selecting a topic, namely the problem expressed in the form of concepts or called titles, and choosing a paradigm to allow for a scientific-thinking framework. The research topic is more than just There are other authors who recommend that researchers or students make a title at the beginning of the study to focus on the main concept; no doubt the title will be corrected during the research process. Make the title concise, avoid unnecessary words, such as an approach, a study, and so on.

Second Problem Subsection
In the thesis writing manual, a description based on the division is presented as follows.
Chapter I Introduction

B. 2. Research hypothesis or assumptions (only if using empirical research).
Even though the student thesis writing manual always contains options for using hypotheses and assumptions in legal research, in their scientific works they cannot find theses or theses using hypotheses even though there are proposed operational definitions of the variables. Why legal scientific works never exist or use hypotheses, but always follow-up hypotheses in manuals, whether students are sufficiently well directed and guided towards hypothesis-testing research or using hypotheses to direct research without intending to test hypotheses with data or materials. legal problem identification can be understood as a mapping of normative and/or sociological conditions that points to the identified symptoms of legal gaps or problems that can be examined from various aspects/factors/variables, and then systematically detailed. All statements of gaps or problems related to research aspects/factors/variables will be answered through scientific studies, thesis writing, which will be carried out.
The following is an example of a statement of legal problems or normative legal gaps and sociological laws that have been identified (problem identification), namely as follows: and on the other hand, in the provinces and districts of the city there are legal norms that provide different treatment between women and men in the field of dress." That is an example of a problem statement that contains the meaning of gap, "legal-gap". 9 Aceh is a provincial area which is a legal community unit that is special in nature and is given special authority to regulate and manage its own government affairs and the interests of the local community in accordance with the laws and regulations Simultaneously position in law means that legally all citizens have the same as citizens. Meanwhile, the same position in government means that in government affairs all citizens have the same position so that they have the same rights and obligations. 10 The 1945 Constitution guarantees the equal position of citizens in the life of society, as a nation. From the guarantees provided by the 1945 Constitution, we can understand various aspects of the equality of the position of Indonesian citizens in the life of society, nation and state. the legal process for example provisions, and the state nevertheless embodies the principle of equality in bidar permits, managing agreements, and so on. While an example of the realization of the Saman principle in the political field is the existence of equal provisions for all citizens to know the general election for regional head elections, and so on.

B.4. Operational definition of research variables or conceptual definition (only if using empirical research).
This point is mentioned in the student thesis writing manual. There is no description or explanation in more detail regarding the reasons for whether it is customary to use variables in legal research, or may be used in various scientific studies.
Conceptual definition is a technical-operational limitation on the concept used by researchers in knowing, understanding, or explaining a legal phenomenon. A definition is an understanding that uses certain concepts that limit other concepts; it is a formal statement of the specific meaning of a word.
Definition can be understood as an exact description (exoct) of the nature, scope, or meaning of something. A limiting action or process. Conceptual definitions are needed to facilitate communication among researchers and scientists. It cannot be judged as right or wrong, although the definition can still be questioned whether it is good or bad, or whether the definition is used consistently or not. 1112

B.5. Scope (Limitation) and Purpose of writing
Answering problem questions, or testing problem statements with actual material and data.

B.6. Usefulness of research (theoretical/academic, practical, methodical)
The theoretical use is the contribution of the scientific work to science (law), for example, the development of certain concepts, buying and selling that used to be face-to-foce transactions to buying and selling long-distance via the internet, etc... ; Practical use is aimed at decision-makers in the research area; and The methodical (methodological) use is for advanced researchers to understand and apply new methods to the same case.

B.7. Research authenticity
Basically, the originality of a research is determined by the results of a review of previous studies, both those that have been published in national and international journals and are still in the form of scientific writings of theses, theses, and dissertations. The authenticity was obtained through literature study.

B.8. Framework/Library Review
Literature review is an attempt by researchers to make deficiencies, namely deficiencies (defects) of the results of previous studies, in which parts of scientific works are lacking (using SWOT analysis) so that researchers can revise, reject, or improve them.
The framework of thought is actually a theoretical framework (theoretical framework). The

B.9. Research methods
In the thesis writing manual, the phrase research method is used. As far as the research is concerned, there are differences between the research method and the research methodology. Research methods are understood as the methods used by researchers in the techniques and processes of collecting (data) legal materials or data on law enforcement, and the way researchers analyze these materials or data to answer research questions. While the research methodology covers all research activities, starting from how researchers formulate problems, build conceptual or theoretical frameworks, choose data collection methods, use, and analyze materials and data to draw conclusions from research results.

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The research method section is operationalized through the following points: Regarding the systematic discussion, it does not cause confusion in the writing and research of student thesis.
In Chapter II the manual is given the chapter title "Framework of Thought (given the title according to the research topic)". Next, sub-sections AB and so on are given. There is no further Whereas the existing guidebooks also contain unclear understanding and mechanisms. Specifically, when writing about the research method used, the majority of the research mentioned normative juridical research. Normative is simplified as a literature review and empirical as a field study.
A scientific work (thesis: thesis, dissertation) is prepared to contribute to the treasures of science, in the form of developing concepts, definitions, propositions, and solving practical legal problems, or scientific descriptions of an object of research.
The basic concepts of the methodology and the knowledge base used must be able to be socialized to teaching staff and students through research methodology lecture materials and assistance in the initial writing process for their research.