The Effect of Dietary Candlenut Powder on Blood Profile and Meat Cholesterol Content of Broilers ( Pengaruh penambahan tepung biji kemiri terhadap profil darah ayam pedaging dan kandungan kolesterol daging )

The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of candlenut powder (Aleurites mollucana (L.) Willd.) as feed additive on blood profile and meat cholesterol content of broilers. Materials used in this research were 200 day-old broiler chicks. Research method was in vivo on Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments (P0 = basal diets only, P1 = basal diets + 0.25% candlenut powder, P2 = basal diets + 0.5% candlenut powder, P3 = basal diets + 0.75% candlenut powder, P4 = basal diets + 1% candlenut powder), each treatment was replicated 5 times. Variables measured were blood profile (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin) and meat cholesterol content. Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance. Data with significant different effects were further analyzed by using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that candlenut powder usage as feed additive had a highly significant effect on (P<0.01) erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels. Candlenut powder also significantly affect (P<0.05) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), but did not significantly affect (P>0.05) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) levels. Broilers fed candlenut powder had lower (P<0.01) meat cholesterol content compared to those fed basal diets only. It might be concluded that the use of candlenut powder as feed additive at the level of 1% is safely recommended to give better blood profile and reduce meat cholesterol content of broilers.


Kata
The use of phytobiotics has been attracting interest to replace AGPs.One of the potential phytobiotics is candlenut (Aleurites mollucana (L.) Willd.).Rohaida (2014) noted that candlenut contains total phenol and total antioxidant in the amount of 127.6 mg/100 and 212.9 mg/100 g, respectively.Moreover, candlenut also could be used as a source of essential fatty acids for poultry.Rohaida et al., (2014) reported that candlenut contains essential fatty acids in the form of linolenic acid (29.5%), linoleic acid (41.6%), oleic acid (21.6%), palmitic acid (4.9%), and stearic acid (2.4%).Recently, research on the effect of candlenut on blood profile and meat cholesterol content of broilers is still very limited.Therefore, the purpose of this research was to provide valuable information on the use of candlenut powder (Aleurites mollucana (L.) Willd.) as feed additive on blood profile and meat cholesterol content of broilers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 200 one-day-old broiler chicks with the average initial body weight of 34.7±7.9g/bird were reared until 35 days.The birds were randomly allocated into 25 pens with 8 birds per pen.The birds were fed 1 of 5 diets, either P0 = basal diets only, P1 = basal diets + 0.25% candlenut powder, P2 = basal diets + 0.5% candlenut powder, P3 = basal diets + 0.75% candlenut powder, P4 = basal diets + 1% candlenut powder.Each experimental treatment was replicated 5 times.During the experimental period, feed and drinking water were offered ad libitum.
Basal diet used in this study was BR1 commercial diet which contained 3,199 Kcal of metabolizable energy and 22.68% of crude protein.Candlenut powder was made by the following methods: candlenut was weighted and then crushed by using food processor.After that, it was filtered by using powder filter and then air-dried under room temperature.Nutrient content of candlenut powder and experimental diets showed in Table 1.At the end of experimental treatment, one bird per each replicate was randomly chosen for analysis of blood profile and meat cholesterol content.Two ml of blood samples were collected from wing vein and placed into a vacutainer containing EDTA as anticoagulant.The birds were not fasted before blood collection.Erythrocyte, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were measured by using Hematology Analyzer (Fahmi et al., 2017).After blood sampling, the birds were then slaughtered, defeathered and eviscerated.Breast meat was collected and used for analysis of meat cholesterol content (AOAC, 2005).
Data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance.Data with significant different effects were further analyzed by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test.Data were considered significant at P<0.05 and highly significant at P<0.01.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The use of candlenut powder as feed additive had a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels (Table 2).Broilers fed candlenut powder in P2, P3, and P4 had higher (P<0.01)erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels compared to those fed P0.The erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels of broilers in this study were closed to the previous findings.Kim et al., (2013) showed that erythrocyte level of chicken was 2.40 to 2.70 10 6 /mm 3 .In another study, Talebi et al., (2005) noted that hemoglobin level of broilers was 13.38 g/dL.The increase of blood lipid profile of broiler in this present study may be related with the essential fatty acid content in candlenut powder.Previously, Wiraprasidi et al., (2017) explained that essential fatty acid had crucial role to support red blood cell formation.For that reason, the increase of candlenut supplementation in the diet may increase essential fatty acid intake and consequently could increase blood profile.Broilers in P1, P2, P3, and P4 groups had higher (P<0.05)MCH level compared to those in P0 group (Table 2).However, dietary treatments did not reveal any differences on MCV level of broilers.Previously, Fahmi et al., (2017) found that diet supplemented with Spirulina platensis did not affect MCV level of broilers.
The use of candlenut powder was effective to reduce meat cholesterol content of broiler.Broilers fed P1, P2, P3 and P4 had lower (P<0.01)meat cholesterol content compared to P0 (Table 2).Previously, Al-Najdwi and Abdullah (2002) reported that cholesterol content of skinless broiler meat was ranged between 133-202 mg/100 g dry matter, while cholesterol content of whole broiler meat was ranged between 261 to 407 mg/100 g dry matter.The decrease of meat cholesterol content as affected by candlenut powder supplementation may be due to the present of essential fatty acid in candlenut powder.Previously, it was reported that the substitution of rapeseed oil for lard, in order to increase intake of essential fatty acid, could decrease Kunci: ayam pedaging, imbuhan pakan, kolesterol daging, profil darah, tepung biji kemiri

Table 1 .
Nutrient content of candlenut powder and experimental diets