TRAFFIC COMPLIANCE INDEX OF ACEHNESE COMMUNITY

The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the correlation between the behavior of the Acehnese and the culture of traffic discipline. Every road user is obliged to obey the traffic rules, but the number of accidents is increasing every year, resulting in numerous deaths, injuries and property damage. This is an empirical legal research using a survey method with a qualitative approach. Interviews, observations, and file review is also used in this research. The results show that the traffic behavior of Acehnese remains poor, with the observation-based traffic compliance index having a value of 5.41 on a scale of 1-10. Most violations were committed by male drivers with 2 (two) wheels. The most common violations are not wearing a helmet, not turning on the main lights during the day, and not having a driver's license (SIM). Most traffic violations are committed by individuals between the ages of 17 and 40, most of whom have a high school education or equivalent. It is necessary to optimize the socialization of traffic discipline and the arrangement of traffic fiqh by the Aceh Provincial Police of Traffic Department (Ditlantas Polda Aceh), local authorities and related agencies.


INTRODUCTION
Traffic and society are closely intertwined in daily life. This is due to the function and role of traffic, which is one of the mechanisms by which the community's interests can be realized and fulfilled to meet primary and secondary necessities (Lubis, 2018).
The movement of vehicles and persons in road traffic areas is regulated by Law No. 22 of 2009 regulating Road Traffic and Transportation. Traffic is one of the primary forms of community communication, and it plays a critical role in promoting our development (Arianto, 2016). As part of efforts to promote public welfare as stipulated by the Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution, road traffic and transportation plays a critical role in promoting growth and national integration  (Agus, Mustari, & Umar, 2016). People cannot be separated from traffic behaviour as part of their human behaviour as moral beings when driving (Widagdho, 2004).
In another perspective, traffic is a set of multiple components. All types of infrastructure and facilities from all existing modes of transportation, such as road networks, road complements, road facilities, public and private transportation, as well as other types of vehicles that carry out the transportation process, namely moving people or materials from one place to another, have been considered to be major components of traffic.
According to Poerwadarmita (Poerwadarmita, 1993) in the Indonesian dictionary stated that traffic is traveling back and forth, going back and forth and about traveling on the road and so on and traveling from one location to another. Traffic has three-component systems which include humans, vehicles and roads that interact with each other in the movement of vehicles.

According to Article 25 paragraph (1) of Law Number 22 Year 2009 Concerning Road
Traffic and Transportation, everyone is prohibited from taking actions that cause damage and/or disruption to road functions, and everyone is prohibited from carrying out actions that cause disturbances to the function of road equipment.
The regulation and application of sanctions for traffic offences are more strictly regulated in traffic legislation. Actions committed by a driver of a public vehicle or a motorized vehicle, as well as pedestrians, that violate the applicable rules and regulations, are referred to as traffic violations (Nurfauziah, 2021). Minor infractions are punishable by imprisonment or relatively low fines in the criminal justice system. Serious violations, on the other hand, if there is an element of deliberateness, are subject to further severe criminal penalties. This is to create a deterrent effect for perpetrators of violations by not putting a tremendous burden on society.
There are more crucial things to comprehend, such as how traffic rules affect our driving behaviour. Traffic practices are now becoming increasingly problematic, and road users' knowledge of the need for safety is relatively low (Hidayah, 2017).

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In truth, the laws and regulations that govern traffic and road transportation provide a crucial purpose: to keep the community safe from traffic congestion (Fauzi, 2020). In reality, every year, the number of accidents in Indonesia increased. Factors such as drivers and other road users, inadequate road construction, vehicles that do not meet the requirements, unclear traffic signs, and so on are all exacerbating the situation. (Anindhito, 2018). Given the rising number of accidents each year, a study that can identify the major causes of road accidents is required. Authorities can implement policy to limit the number of accidents by identifying and comprehending the causes of accidents. Deviant driving behaviors are one of the factors that contribute to road accidents; this is caused by failure to comply with the driving regulations as provided out in the appropriate legal standards (Krisna, Sugiarta, & Subamiya, 2021).
The number of accidents in Aceh province continues to increase year after year, due to a variety of variables, one of which is the province's low level of traffic compliance. This study was conducted to determine the level of Acehnese people's traffic compliance. As a result, a traffic compliance analysis was conducted out by compiling a research instrument that can measure the level of compliance and order in traffic among Acehnese people.
Using human characteristics, infrastructure, natural elements, and government regulations to determine the amount of traffic compliance. Attitudes and levels of permissiveness toward traffic management and order were measured as human dimensions. Everything related to tools, equipment, and supporting facilities in traffic safety and order is measured as infrastructure. Outside of human factors and infrastructure, natural factors are exploited as criteria to measure other things.
Regulation is a parameter used to assess public awareness and compliance with traffic rules, including but not limited to traffic signs, traffic lights, and road markings. into two categories based on how it was obtained: primary data and secondary data. The data was collected using a survey method, with basic data (primary data) collected from a sample using a questionnaire instrument that already included questions regarding the types of traffic offences and the factors that cause traffic violations. The researcher answered the questionnaires at the research site by interviewing traffic violators directly when they were arrested in police raids, during the hunting system, or during patrolling around the police.

1) Violations of Traffic Laws in Aceh Police's Legal Territory
The following results were gathered through observations of traffic offences within the authority of the Aceh Regional Police: First, the number of respondents and traffic violations in the Aceh Police's legal territory. Based on observations from 690 respondents who committed traffic violations with a total of 1589 violations, it can be identified that the most traffic violations committed in the jurisdiction of the Aceh Regional Police are violations of not wearing helmets with as many as 281 violations, followed by violations of not using headlights as many as 253 offenses.
Second, the number and type of vehicles committing traffic violations in Aceh Police's legal territory. 446 two-wheeled vehicles, 68 three-wheeled vehicles, 139 four-wheeled vehicles, 35 vehicles > four-wheeled vehicles, and two vehicles that did not fit the vehicle type were the subjects of observation.
Third, gender-related traffic violations. There were 489 male respondents and 201 female respondents who committed driving offences, according to observations from 690 respondents. The sex-based criteria are used to determine the level of traffic compliance from a gender perspective (Schaefer, 2004). There are varying quantities and types of traffic offences in the two categories.
The most common traffic offences committed by male respondents were violations of not using headlights, which accounted for 184 violations, while violations of not wearing helmets accounted for 106 violations.
Overall, there were 1589 traffic offences committed by both genders, with 1191 traffic violations made by male respondents and 398 traffic violations committed by female respondents.
Based on these findings, it can be stated that male respondents commit the majority of traffic violations under the authority of the Aceh Regional Police.  violations. Based on these findings, it is possible to assume that respondents with student category commit the majority of traffic violations under the authority of the Aceh Regional Police.

2) Community Behaviour in Committing Traffic Violations
Based on observations, it was discovered that the community's behaviour in committing traffic offences in the Aceh Regional Police's jurisdiction was motivated by the following factors: First, not wearing a helmet. Wheel SIM), they don't have a SIM yet because they are underage, and they don't carry a SIM because the distance to their destination is short.
The following reasons are sometimes unreasonable, such as not having enough money to make a SIM yet having a new motorcycle. According to Government Regulation Number 76 of 2020 concerning Non-Tax State Revenue within the Police, the cost of creating a new SIM for a motorcycle is merely Rp. 100.000,-. The cost of obtaining a 2-wheeled vehicle license is not similar to the cost of purchasing a new motorcycle; this can be contrasted to being able to purchase a cow but not a rope, as the adage goes in Acehnese culture. SIM is a highly important metric for determining the competency of motorcycle or automobile drivers.
With advancements in technology and information, the reason for not knowing how to create a SIM is also illogical, because information and access for SIM making is readily available in print, electronic, and social media. They don't have a driver's license since they aren't old enough, but they have brought their own car, which is illegal, although sometimes there is a permissive attitude from members of the traffic police (Polantas). The omission and permissiveness of parents to colour, and method of installation of the TNKB in a regulation. However, embossed plates that still comply to these requirements are considered to be in violation of the rules, even though they meet the applicable regulations when examined more attentively. The police, particularly the traffic cops, ought to pay more attention to this.
Fifth, failure to install a rearview mirror. The rearview mirror had been destroyed in an accident, and had no time to replace it; considered the rearview mirror to be unnecessary; using the vehicle to go to the mountains, so there was no need to use the rearview mirror; and felt uncomfortable using the rearview mirror.
The motorcycle was created in accordance with the established standards. However, many motorcyclists deviate from the norm, such as removing the rearview mirror. Even though the rearview mirror serves a safety purpose, there are risks associated with driving and removing the rearview mirror, such as breaking traffic laws.
According to Article 285 of Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation (LLAJ). "Everyone who drives a motorcycle on the road that does not meet the technical and road-worthy requirements, which include rearview mirrors, horns, headlights, brakes, directional lights, light reflecting devices, speed measuring devices, exhausts, and motorcycle tires solidity as referred to article 106 paragraph (3) in conjunction with Article 48 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one month) or a maximum fine of Rp. 250,000.00 (two hundred and fifty thousand rupiah)". Legal and self-defense awareness are two areas in which society may develop. As a result, installing a rearview mirror is required for no reason other than those listed above.

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Sixth, vehicle isn't up to standard. Modify the motorcycle because it's fascinating and cool, since it's used for trailing, and because the exhaust can be changed to make the sound louder.
Motorcycle owners frequently modify their motorcycles to make them non-standard. One of them is swapping out the exhaust for a racing version. This activity neglects the exhaust standards, resulting in an exhaust sound that is extremely annoying to the hearing and makes other persons Seventh, opposing direction. The U turn is too far, going against the direction is not considered a violation because many people do it, there is a rush of interest, and to shorten the time.
For some drivers, driving against the direction of traffic is a common occurrence. Despite the fact that it is not acceptable and violates traffic laws, this careless behaviour continues to occur, resulting in numerous traffic accidents. This type of behaviour not only endangers the riders himself/herself, but it also puts other motorists in danger. Increased driving ability, as well as increased legal and safety awareness among motorized vehicle riders, can help to mitigate the above-mentioned issues. Traffic engineering, on the other hand, is required to take into account for the distance between one turn (U turn) and the next in order to reduce motorists going in the opposite way.
Eighth, failure to wear a seat belt. The drivers are reaching a close distance, so they are not required to wear a safety belt; the drivers are not accustomed to wearing a safety belt; they are in a hurry, so they forget to wear a safety belt; the safety belt is broken; they do not realize the use of a safety belt is important; and they do not understand how to use a safety belt. Every driver and Transportation, which stated that "everyone who drives a four-wheeled or more motorized vehicle on the road, as well as the passenger sitting alongside him, must wear a seat belt." The sanctions are regulated in Article 289 which stated "Everyone who drives a Motorized Vehicle or Passenger sitting next to the Driver who is not wearing a seat belt as referred to in Article 106 paragraph (6) shall be punished with imprisonment for a maximum of 1 (one) month or a fine of not more than 250,000.00 (two hundred and fifty thousand rupiahs)". As a result, factors such as not understanding the importance of seat belts, not being accustomed to wearing seat belts, travelling short distances, and other factors can be mitigated by following the rules regarding the use of seat belts, both for their own safety in the event of an accident and to avoid the sanctions outlined in the Act.

CONCLUSIONS
The Aceh Police's Traffic Directorate, in collaboration with the USK Police Science Research Center, conducted a Traffic Behavior Survey (SPBL) that targeted 5 (five) Polres in the Aceh Police's jurisdiction. The researcher was able to obtain comprehensive data from the 5 Polres surveyed, which was then processed into Traffic Reports under the jurisdiction of the Aceh Police.
In 2021, the Aceh Regional Police conducted an SPBL with 690 respondents in five Polres.
There were 1589 traffic offences recorded among the 690 respondents. The use of helmets and headlights are the most common traffic offences in the jurisdiction of the Aceh Regional Police.
The majority of respondents' gender is male, the majority of respondents' age ranges from 17-40 years, the majority of respondents' last education level is high school, and the majority of respondents' occupations are students/others. While the types of vehicles found in the observation are generally 2-wheeled vehicles, which are 446 vehicles out of a total of 690 vehicles that violate. The findings revealed that the Acehnese people's level of traffic compliance remained low.
The level of education and cultural/socio-cultural influences of the Acehnese, who are predominantly Muslim. It has a significant impact on traffic compliance. Acehnese people, particularly men who wear caps, have a tendency to dress Islamically, assuming that wearing a cap no longer required wearing a helmet. People assume that there is no obligation to wear a helmet, and that driving without wearing a helmet is a natural thing with no sinful consequences because it is not governed by religion, which means that there is a societal presumption that as long as it is not God's commandment, it does not need to be observed.
It is suggested that the Aceh Police Traffic Directorate maximizes its role in achieving community traffic compliance through traffic socialization. It is hoped that the Aceh Police Traffic Directorate will advise all traffic function units at the Resort Police to record data on traffic offences in a consistent manner. This is considered crucial because good and complete data is required to create traffic law enforcement policy. Through extracurricular programs in schools such as PKS, traffic forums, kamtibmas preachers, and others, traffic education must be instilled from an early age so that awareness and driving compliance can grow in traffic. Bhabinkamtibmas as the forefront of community service by the Police can carry out traffic socialisation initiatives on an ongoing basis so that people obtain knowledge and understanding about traffic. The police and sub- sectors are required to be in charge of traffic order and compliance in their respective jurisdictions.
To reduce the probability of violations and the rate of accidents, traffic law enforcement must continue to be carried out through operations. It is recommended that the Traffic Directorate of the Aceh Police cooperate with the Aceh Consultative Assembly, the Aceh Customary Council, the Aceh Education Office, and the Dayah Education Office to formulate traffic fiqh.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank you to the Head of the Aceh Regional Police (Kapolda Aceh) for providing the opportunity, support, and guidance in conducting this study. The Director of Traffic (Dirlantas) of the Aceh Police is also acknowledged and thanked for assisting the implementation of this research,