SYNERGY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN HANDLING ILLEGAL FISHING CASES IN ACEH WATERS

Illegal fishing cases often occur in waters at the edge of Indonesia. This article is focused on examining and analyzing the synergy between the authorized institutions in the process of monitoring and handling illegal fishing cases that occur in the waters of Aceh province. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design. The four authorized institutions coordinate the performance of each other to help each other's role to reduce illegal fishing violations in Aceh Province. LANAL Sabang helped mobilize forces to carry out law enforcement at sea from the threat of violations as well as to safeguard marine resources. PSDKP Lampulo is the foundation for supervising marine and fishery resources in Aceh Province. Panglima Laot has more authority in regulating laot customary law and fishing communities in general. DKP Aceh is the axis of the service and movement for the protection and utilization of marine resources in Aceh Province.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has wide waters with abundant marine natural resources Unfortunately, the fisheries and marine industry sectors are still of little value. One of the causes is the frequent occurrence of illegal fishing activities, both by local ships and foreign ships in the waters of the archipelago (Adwani, 2018;Adwani & Sulaiman, 2020). Cases of illegal fishing in Indonesia often occur in waters at the edge of Indonesia, where these areas are easily accessible by lasing boats and have security that tends to be less than optimal.
The province of Aceh, which is located at the western tip of Indonesia, is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean and is one of the areas prone to illegal fishing activities. The strategic position of the Aceh region with a land area of 57,365.65 km2, a coastline length of 2,666.27 km2, and an area Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sinergy of Law Enforcement Agencies in Handling Illegal Fishing Cases in Aceh Waters Vol. 23, Issue 2, (August, 2021), pp. 233-246. A. I. S. Nasution, A. M. Pranita, D. Bulandari, L. R. Setyawati, P. Suwarno 234 of water that reaches 295,370 km2 plus has a large enough potential for marine resources, which is around 272.7 thousand tons/year, which can attract the interest of tourists. Unscrupulous fishermen to take action (Wahyuddin, 2017).
There are several cases of illegal fishing that have occurred in the waters of Aceh province, namely in 2011 there were 6 cases, in 2012 there were 15 cases, in 2013 there were 4 cases, in 2015 there were 3 cases (Wahyuddin, 2017), then in 2014 there were 4 cases, and in 2017 there were 6 cases in the waters of Aceh (Marefanda & Tjoetra, 2019). The latest incident was also an illegal fishing violation in the waters of Banda Aceh and Aceh Jaya by two fishing thieves in July 2020 (Permana, 2020).  (Abdullah, Arifin, & Tripa, 2017).
Cooperation between institutions that have legal force within the province of Aceh in terms of maintaining the security of Aceh's waters from the threat of illegal fishing needs to be strengthened.
This institutional coordination is carried out to achieve harmony that can produce good results for all parties involved in the institution (Darwinto, 2016). The coordination strength of each authorized institution greatly influences the results of the supervision and handling of illegal fishing cases in Aceh waters.

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This article is focused on examining and analyzing the synergy between authorized institutions in the process of monitoring and handling illegal fishing cases that often occur in the waters of Aceh province. The results of this analysis are expected to be input or suggestions to the Aceh government and add insight to the readers.

RESEARCH METHODS
This study used a descriptive qualitative research design. Qualitative research is research that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from individuals/groups and observed behavior (Sari, 2020). The data sources used consisted of primary data sources obtained by conducting online interviews with representatives from LANAL Sabang, PSDKP Lampulo, DKP Aceh, and Panglima Laot. Then the secondary data sources consist of journals, books, media, and official websites. So, the research process is carried out by collecting data, analyzing data, and making research reports. Data analysis is presented in the form of descriptive analysis. Based on these results, conclusions can be drawn based on the interpretation of the data that has been analyzed.

DISCUSSIONS AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Illegal fishing based on the International Plan of Action (IPOA) initiated by FAO is defined as IUU Fishing, which is a fishing activity that is carried out illegally, not regulated by existing regulations, or its activities are not reported. to an authorized institution (Syahrani, 2017 (KKP, 2021). Not only foreign fishermen but the practice of illegal fishing is also carried out by local Acehnese fishermen. The mode most often used is to use fishing gear that is not following the provisions. For example, in the case of fishermen who catch fish using trawls in the waters of Samatiga and Arongan Lambalek, West Aceh District (Marefanda & Tjoetra, 2019) and use explosives (bombs) on the island of Aceh and the Gleu Pacu area, Aceh Besar (Antara, 2021).

1) LANAL Sabang
Cases of illegal fishing in Aceh always occur every year. LANAL Sabang is a representative of the Indonesian Navy in charge of carrying out efforts to realize maritime security in Aceh, including law enforcement activities. Regarding the entry of foreign fishermen who do IUU fishing, LANAL cooperates with KOARMADA I and fosters public education through training. LANAL socialization to the community includes basic responses related to reporting when they find IUU fishing activities by fishermen from foreign countries. In addition, LANAL carries out joint exercises with neighboring countries that have maritime boundaries in Aceh, for example, India.
This activity is intended to define territorial boundaries so that IUU fishing cases can be minimized.
Meanwhile, law enforcement steps at sea from the threat of IUU fishing can also be observed from the synergy between LANAL and PSDKP. Ships of other countries that enter the sea territory in Aceh illegally are sought to be identified as early as possible to take immediate action. For example, the Indonesian Navy arrested an IUU fishing vessel from another country that entered Aceh's waters and then submitted a follow-up investigation to the PSDKP. Violations of IUU fishing will be tried in court to be subject to sanctions in the form of confiscation and fines. The cooperation between LANAL and PSKDP is based on the MoU of the KKP and the Indonesian Navy Headquarters.

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Tackling IUU fishing is a manifestation of one of the roles in the trinity of the Navy, namely constabulary, in addition to military and diplomacy. The constabulary role is carried out in the form of mobilizing force to carry out law enforcement at sea from the threat of violations as well as to safeguard marine resources. In carrying out this role, the Navy coordinates with other law enforcement agencies at sea, including PSDKP.
Not only in the form of operations to arrest IUU fishing perpetrators, but the Navy also involves the community, especially fishermen, through socialization so that they understand the reporting steps if when sailing to catch fish they find violations. Coastal village development is carried out by LANAL by directing the community, especially fishermen, to develop their role as suppliers of maritime security information after being given socialization regarding the law at sea.
In the socialization, the community was introduced to the types of violations of the law at sea, including IUU fishing (Nasution, 2018).

2) PSDKP Lampulo
The Indonesian government is also committed to protecting its sovereign territory from disturbance to the continuity of its natural resources. The government in this case is the Ministry of 241 that is often visited or a stopover for Europeans who come from the west (Vlekke, 2008). Panglima Laot then became the Enforcer of Laot Customary Rules throughout Aceh and continues to this day (Hurgronje, 1996). Panglima Laot in general has a role to regulate all matters relating to the coast and the sea, including preventing illegal fishing. Prevention of illegal fishing is stated in Article 28 paragraph 2 of Aceh Qanun Number 10 of 2008 concerning Customary Institutions. Panglima Laot's duties in preventing illegal fishing are aimed at maintaining public welfare and avoiding environmental damage due to the use of prohibited fishing gear. Public awareness of the losses that will be felt when illegal fishing activities make people follow the Laot Adat rules given by Panglima Laot.
Panglima Laot of Sabang City stated that the boundaries of Panglima Laot's jurisdiction were based on Lhok. Lhok refers to the area inhabited by a group of fishermen who will later be led by Panglima Laot Lhok. If the community suspects or finds illegal fishing activities, the community will report it to Panglima Laot Lhok (Raihan & Ahmad, 2017). Dispute resolution based on the Laot Customary Law will refer to an agreement with Panglima Laot. Panglima Laot Lhok's authority in resolving disputes is limited to disputes that do not contain criminal elements and occur at sea. If the dispute that occurs contains a criminal element, the dispute will be submitted to the competent authority.

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Based on the level, Panglima Laot Lhok is responsible for resolving problems at the Lhok level, if the dispute cannot be resolved at the Lhok level, it will be resolved at the Regency/City level by the Regency/City Panglima Laot. If it still cannot be resolved at the Regency/City level, then the dispute resolution is delegated to the Provincial Panglima Laot. If the existing dispute concerns another country, the Provincial Panglima Laot will report the dispute to the competent authorities for immediate settlement. The role of Panglima Laot is the function of Panglima Laot as a liaison element between the government and the fishing community as well as as an assistant to the government in the success of fisheries and marine development programs (Marefanda & Tjoetra, 2019).

4) DKP Aceh
Apart from the Navy (LANAL Sabang), the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (PSDKP Lampulo), and fishing community (Panglima Laot), the Aceh Government also has responsibility for supervision and handling in managing Aceh's marine and fishery resources from illegal fishing efforts. The agency from the Aceh Regional Government responsible for this is the Aceh Provincial Marine and Fisheries Service (DKP Aceh). The Aceh Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service (DKP Aceh) is a representative agency of the Aceh Province regional government which has the main task of assisting the Governor in carrying out government affairs in the marine and fisheries sector which is the authority of the Aceh region and assistance tasks assigned to the Governor's Regulation and Qanun, namely laws and regulations similar to regional regulations that regulate the administration of government and community life in Aceh Province (DKP, 2020).

Sinergy of Law Enforcement Agencies in Handling Illegal Fishing Cases in Aceh Waters
Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum A. I. S. Nasution, A. M. Pranita, D. Bulandari, L. R. Setyawati, P. Suwarno Vol. 23, Issue 2, (August, 2021), pp. 233-246 243 The Department of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Aceh Province together with other agencies participates in supervising fishing activities, especially activities related to illegal fishing.
Many illegal fishing activities occur in Aceh Province, both illegal fishing activities for local fishermen and illegal fishing for foreign fishermen. On this basis, the local government has formulated an "Action Plan for Supervision and Prevention of Illegal Fishing". This activity involves various elements by carrying out developments aimed at making legal products, such as government regulations, etc. In Aceh, there is an inter-agency forum consisting of the Aceh Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service, POLAIR, TNI AL, Panglima Laot, and related agencies.
They usually hold ad hoc meetings every three months to discuss joint work plans. This forum was guided by DKP Aceh as the axis of service and movement in Aceh Province. The number of stakeholders involved in efforts to tackle illegal fishing is a problem in itself. The existence of an imbalance in roles with other organizations or institutions makes the local government try to synergize tasks by bringing all parties together to sit down and discuss together through this forum.

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Community Group (Pokmaswas) or commonly referred to as Panglima Laot as representatives of the Aceh fishing communities.
The four authorized institutions coordinate the performance of each other to help each other's role to reduce illegal fishing violations in Aceh Province. The performance roles of each of these authorized institutions include: PSDKP Lampulo is the foundation for supervising marine and fishery resources in Aceh Province, assisted by a supervisory community group from the Aceh fishing community, Panglima Laot. Panglima Laot has more authority in regulating laot customary law and fishing communities in general. Then LANAL Sabang helped mobilize forces to carry out law enforcement at sea from the threat of violations as well as to safeguard marine resources.
Furthermore, the Aceh Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service is the axis of the service and movement for the protection and utilization of marine resources in Aceh Province.