From Fish Port City to the County Capital: Idi City, 1974-2020

Idi city an administrative city thas has the main function as the adminisrative center of East Aceh Regency, this city is known as an area that has various historical heritages that are still preserved today. The purpose of thish research was to explain the development and process of ecological change in Idi City from a fish port city the district capital in 1974-2020. This research methods using a qualitative appproach. The data collection techniques used are documentation, literature review, and interviews. The results of the research showed that, City of Idi has always been known as the center of government during the dutch Colonial period, at which time Idi City had become the center of the discretion of East Aceh Regency. After the colonial period ended, Idi City began to change from the center of government into a fishing port city. Ecologically Idi revedeveloped after being designated as the capital of East Aceh Regency. After Idi Rayeuk was established as the district capital, Idi City became one of the most developed cities in East Aceh Regency. The development of the city of Idi can be seen from the housing and settlement center, office center, and trade center.


INTRODUCTION
Cities in Indonesia have undergone several changes in the social, economic, and governmental fields, this happened because Indonesia had experienced a period of colonialism. Cities in Indonesia in the history of the city are often associated with the colonial era, so the city can be included as things of a national nature (Basundoro, 2012: 7). Along with the change of power in a city, it must be followed by a change of leader or government which is the driving force for events in a city. Therefore, this change can be marked by an increase in development of city facilities and infrastructure.
The study of urban history is a study that studies the ecology of the city, socioeconomic transformation, social systems, social problems and social mobility. Urban ecology as an interaction between humans and the surrounding nature and ecological changes occur when one of those components undergoes a change. Socioeconomic transformation as a social change that occurs on the impulse of urbanization and industrialization. Social systems as drivers of human interaction relationships in shaping the society of a city. Social problems as a result of modernization in the development of a city. Social mobility as a driver of the development of a city in a modern direction (Kuntowijoyo, 2003: 64). Idi City is an area that has a very long history, where the Idi area has experienced several changes in government since its status as a port port, district (Kewedaan during the Dutch Colonial period), this is what makes Idi City known as a trade link between regions because it has a telephone cable network to Pulau Pinang, Malaysia and other areas. As a city that has been known to various foreign countries, the Dutch colonial government made efforts to advance the economy of the people of Idi City by opening highways, making railways, opening ports and opening plantations, agriculture and opening mining in the East Aceh area at that time. This is done to be able to export and import products from pepper, nutmeg, copra, and so on (Sufi, 2008: 136).
The transition of port functions, in 1974 kuala Idi port changed its function from an export-import port of plantation products to a fishing port. Idi Port has a very profitable local potential. Where the location of this port is very strategic because it is in the middle between two major cities, namely Banda Aceh and Medan, North Sumatra. This condition provides ease of marketing the catches of fishermen to support the economy of the communities around the Coast of Kuala Idi. (ppip.djpt.kkp.go.id, (online) accessed July 26, 2021 ). The faster the development of kuala Idi fishing port, the greater the demands of the community who urge that Idi City be upgraded to become the capital of the regency, with the hope that services to the community will be maximum. Taking into account these developments, the government issued Law No.3 of 2001 concerning the transfer of the capital of East Aceh Regency to Idi Rayeuk City to level development in the deepening area of East Aceh Regency and appointed the Regent as the ruler who regulates all policies in local government.
From this description, it can be seen that the change in the status of Idi City, which was once a fish port city, turned into a regency capital, played an important role in the development of Idi City from time to time, but historical writings that talked about Idi City from the fish port city to the regency capital were still very limited, from there a study was needed to raise the change in the status of Idi City from fish port city to regency capital, then there were changes in land use, buildings, transportation, and infrastructure of Idi City, so this research focused on changing the ecology of Idi City from a fish port city to becoming the district capital. Based on this exposure, the researchers want to further examine the title "From fish port city to regency capital: Idi city, 1974Idi city, -2020 Lapian dalam Hamid (2015: 14) explained that ports are a link between overseas and deepening areas in an interaction, especially maritime trade. A fishing port can be interpreted as an area of a combination of land and ocean areas that are used as a base for fishing activities and are equipped with various facilities from the time the fish are landed until the fish are distributed (Lubis, 2012: 14). Basically, the definition of a city is very broad, so many scholars and experts try to define a city to easily distinguish between a city and a village. The definition of the city used as a reference is as follows: Meinarno dalam Jamaludin (2017:35) states the city comes from the Sangsekerta language, which is "kotta" in another expression referred to as kita or kuta. Based on the Sangsekerta-Indonesia and Sangsekerta-English dictionaries, kota means stronghold.
In the beginning, the city was a village that became a place where farmers lived starting with the culture of farming. People began to settle in certain areas, namely villages, they were interconnected, communicated, so that the accumulation of knowledge gave birth to cities (Basundoro, 2012:19). Bintarto dalam Jamaludin (1983:36) states, "The city is a network of human life characterized by a high population density and colored by heterogeneous socioeconomic strata and materialistic patterns. This understanding shows that the characteristic of a city is seen from the density of its population and the diversity of its social strata such as work, education, ethnicity, religion and others.
Based on these understandings, it can be concluded that the city is the center of all community activities which include the center of government, education, economy, religion and military. Physically, the city is characterized by the presence of complete facilities and a high population density. Whereas nonphysically, cities are characterized by their heterogeneous population, meaning that city residents consist of a wide variety of backgrounds both occupational, educational, ethnic, and beliefs that are adhered to.
Based on these two classifications, it can be concluded that Idi City according to its function is an administrative city or city that has the main function as the center of government of East Aceh Regency. Meanwhile, in terms of population, Idi City is a small city because according to the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Aceh Regency in 2020 the population of Idi City amounted to 20,732 people.
The capital of the county is the capital or the location of the seat of the seat of the seat of government of a county. In a regency capital, there is a Regent's office along with regional devices, the DPRD Building, Vertical Agencies (regional central agencies, such as the Idi District Court, the East Aceh District Attorney's Office, the Mapolres, BPS, BPN), and other urban infrastructure.
The county capital area can occupy part of the subdistrict area. In its development, many county capitals were transformed into (autonomous) cities that were judicially separated from the parent district, and there was no local government of its own. However, often this expansion is always followed by the transfer of government infrastructure facilities and office buildings to the district area, so that the parent district seems to be in the district capital in another region, this is actually very contrary to the geographical rules that have been set, so in the future the district capital should be in the regency area itself.
A region can be proposed as an example of an autonomous region if that region can meet administrative requirements. Administrative requirements are constitutional requirements in the form of letters of approval of all agencies related to the formation of autonomous regions. The conditions for the formation of autonomous regions are: 1. For the formation of a province, there must be approval from the district or city dprd and the regent or mayor whose territory is planned to be the territory of the province to be formed. In addition, the application for the formation of an autonomous region must obtain the approval of the dprd of the parent province or its origin and governor, then there must be a recommendation from the Minister of Home Affairs. 2. For the formation of a district or city, the formation of a new territory or expansion must obtain approval from the district or city legislature and the regent or mayor of the district of the city of origin. Furthermore, it must obtain approval from the provincial regions, namely the DPRD and the Governor, then the last thing is to have to meet the recommendations of the Minister of Home Affairs.
In the beginning, Idi City was an area that had a very long history, where the Idi area had undergone several changes of government since its status as a port port city that connected trade in the Asian, European, and Persian regions. So that this port became a stopover area for outside ships to transport pepper and cloves as a result of commodities in the East Aceh area. At that time Idi had developed rapidly in the plantation sector so that people from the Kingdom of Pasai, Peusangan, Pidie, and Aceh Besar continued to arrive and settle in Idi City and its surroundings. The city of Idi at that time continued to grow rapidly with the arrival of traders from Pineng (present-day Malaysia), various merchandise from commodities from the Idi area and its surroundings such as pepper, fish, and other spices were transported to Pineng and goods from Pineng also entered Idi at that time (Zainuddin, 1961: 207-208).
The change in Idi City was also seen during the Dutch Colonial period in 1901 where at this time the Dutch government made several efforts to increase the intelligence of the people by establishing schools.

RESEARCH METHODS
The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach, where the research will collect data by means of field observations, interviews, and literature reviews so that the data needed in the research can be fulfilled. According to Moleong (2007: 6) qualitative approach is a research study to understand the phenomena that will be experienced by the research subject such as behavior, perception, motivation, action and others, holistically and by means of description in the form of words and language in a natural context and by utilizing natural methods.
This study aims to reconstruct the past, then the method used is the historical (historical) method. The historical method is the process of critically testing and analyzing records and relics of the past. Where in the historical method there are 5 stages, namely: (1) Selection of topics / themes; (2) heuristics or collection of sources; (3) Verification or criticism of sources (internal criticism and external criticism); and (4) interpretation or interpretation; (5) historiography or historical writing (Kuntowijoyo, 1999:89). The use of historical methods in this study is because researchers want to study the history of Idi City from the fish port city to the district capital, 1974-2020.
The location of this study is in East Aceh Regency in general, and especially in the Idi City area. In addition, to obtain research resources in the form of primary sources and secondary sources, researchers will visit the Regional Library of East Aceh Regency, then will visit the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of East Aceh Regency, Nusantara Fishing Port (PPN) of East Aceh Regency and will interview several speakers as perpetrators or historical witnesses related to Idi City: From Fish Port City to the Regency Capital, 1974-2020. The timing of this study took place from the start of proposal writing in early November 2020. om historical actors or people closest to the object of study. The goal is to obtain explanations and also avoid misunderstandings so as to obtain additional information from the lack of written information.

RESULTS OF RESEARCH AND DIS-CUSSION
The results of the research in this discussion include an overview of the research location with the latest data, the background of Idi City is identical to the fish port city, the development of Idi City before it became the district capital, the background of the determination of Idi City as the district capital, and the development of Idi City after becoming the district capital. The results of this study are described in detail as follows:

Overview of Research Locations
Geographically, Idi Rayeuk District 04°43'19.46"-05°59'17.84" North Latitude and 97°34'30.81"-97°51'27.57' East Longitude with a fairly diverse area height ranging from 0 to less than 100 meters above sea level (masl). The area is 79.60 Km2 which consists of 35 villages covering 3 settlements (Central Statistics Agency of East Aceh Regency 2015:3). The location of Idi City can be said to be quite strategic because it is on the main path of the province on the east coast (Medan-Banda Aceh Line). There are 14 sub-districts located on this path, so the position can have considerable potential to be developed. Idi Rayeuk Subdistrict is the capital of East Aceh Regency, where this area has the potential for very abundant natural wealth so that it can facilitate the management of the district's land use.
Idi Rayeuk Subdistrict has predetermined regional boundaries, where the boundaries of the area consist of: The North borders the Strait of Malacca, the East borders the East Idi District, the South borders the Idi Tunong District and the Darul Ihsan District, the West borders Darul Aman. The boundaries of Idi Rayeuk Subdistrict have undergone many changes in accordance with the times starting from the royal, colonial, independence to the present (Central Statistics Agency, 2018: 3).

Population and Livelihoods
In terms of ethnicity, there are several ethnicities that inhabit Idi City, namely; acehnese, Javanese, and Chinese ethnicity. Of these ethnicities, the Acehnese ethnicity is the most dominant, because the Acehnese ethnicity is the indigenous ethnicity that has long inhabited the region, while other ethnicities are newcomers afterwards. Initially, the population in each area in Idi Rayeuk was around 500 people, where these people were people who migrated from their original residence to the Idi Rayeuk area. (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021).
The demographic condition of Idi Rayeuk District based on the results of a survey conducted in 2018 showed that the total population of Idi Rayeuk District reached 38,185 people, consisting of 19,073 male residents and 19,112 female residents. Meanwhile, the number of households in 2018 was 8,498 households (acehtimurkab.bps.go.id, (online) accessed July 29, 2021). b) Livelihoods During the royal period until the Dutch colonial period in Idi Rayeuk, the Idi people had daily views as farmers and fishermen, supported by agricultural, plantation, and shipping areas that were quite promising for the economic progress of the Idi area itself. This can be seen from how the Idi area exports pepper, nutmeg, copra and others through the port of Kuala Idi. At that time the Idi plantation area was supported by the presence of a train to transport the products of pepper commodities for export to Penang Island through the port of Kuala Idi (Sufi, 2008: 136).
Currently, in general, the Idi people still make a living as farmers, fishermen and the rest work in various businesses such as trade and industrial services. The leading commodity of Idi Rayeuk is the fishing industry, with the production center located in the Kuala Idi area.

A Brief History of Idi City
The history of Idi City began with the aceh royal expedition to Johor in 1615 led by Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636) where the ship boarded by Sultan Iskandar Muda stopped several countries along the east coast of the Strait of Malacca. At one time between Jambo Aye and Aru Bay, several people from the warship came down to find drinking water for the ride. In the kuala there is a cottage occupied by an old woman who looks beautiful and that is where there is a freshwater lake whose water is very clear, they refer to the owner's mother as "ma ie dhiet" which means mother who has a beautiful face. In addition to Idi, there were several areas that were previously stopped by the group of Sultan Iskandar Muda where some of the stopover places were also given names by the group, including "Pangwa" which comes from the name "eumpang wa" and Lhokseumawe which is referred to as "Seumaseuma ka abeh diweh" (Zainuddin,1957:148-150).
The naming of the land of Idi is explained in some historical literature where the Pase people refer to the land of Idi as "I dit" which means "little water" and the word Idi also comes from the sound of a bird on a tree that makes the sound "diet-diet-diet" coincidentally heard by the Group of Cut Nyak Rampang" who are in a place (the location of the old mosque of Idi) then the place they live in is named Idi. Another story mentions that the land of Idi comes from the word "ie deu" (shallow water) because there are boats entering the kuala area unable to continue their voyage because the water is shallow. The formation of negativity begins with the arrival of new people for growing pepper by opening gardens. The migrants are usually in small groups of about 20 people. Each group is headed by a chairman referred to as peutua seuneubok ¬or the head of the pepper garden. The followers of the troupe are called aneuk seuneubok or workers in the pepper garden. In the new area, they choose a plot of land in the form of shrubs, which is considered suitable for pepper crops. Before the group came to the new area usually they had sent someone first to find suitable land to plant pepper, that person was called peutua jaga (Ismail, 1950:67).
The opening of a new state began to take shape at the outbreak of the Dutch war in 1873. In the East Aceh area itself, 15 new countries have been formed, namely Simpang Ulim, Tanjung Seumentok and Meureubok, Julok Rayeuk, Julok Cut plus Bungeng and Bagok, Idi Cut, Idi Rayeuk, and Peudawa Cut, Peureulak and Jungki, Seungo Raya and Bagean, Langsa, and Bireun Rayeuk, Manyak Paet and Raja Tua, Telaga Meuku and Sungai Iyu, Karang, Vocational Muda, and Sutan Muda and treasurer. Julok Rayeuk's kenegerianship was the first state built by Pasai settlers in 1840. This country in the course of history has had a population in 1876 of about 6,000 inhabitants and produces 8,000 pepper pickets annually. In its development, other countries formed after the establishment of Julok Rayeuk were Julok Cut, Bungeng, Bagok and, Idi Rayeuk. The formation of this state is a continuation of the formation of the Julok Rayeuk state, where the founder came from the Julok Rayeuk area who were immigrants from Pasai as well. (Sufi, 2008:124-125).
The success of pepper planting in the Julok Rayeuk area made Nyak Hasyim cut through the forest in the Bungeng area to open up a large field so that it could be planted with pepper in the area. From the Bungeng area, Nyak Hasyim expanded his garden by opening up new land to Idi Rayeuk. Panglima Nyak Hasyim is considered to be the first person to come to the Idi Rayeuk area, at that time the Idi Rayeuk area is still a forest of berantara. The opening of new land for planting pepper in the Idi Rayeuk area has achieved such a satisfying success that Nyak Hasyim ventured to become the dreamer of Idi Rayeuk as well as being the first uleebalang in this new country (Zainuddin, 1961: 207).
In building the pepper garden, Nyak Hasyim also involved his eldest son, Teuku Haji Muda Lon, where the plantation managed by the two became wider with abundant harvests. In order to maximize the yield of the plantation Nyak Hasyim gave full power to Teuku Haji Muda Lon to manage the existing plantation in Bugeng, then Nyak Hasyim chose to rule in Idi Rayeuk. The election of Idi Rayeuk by Nyak Hasyim as his own governing state because Idi Rayeuk's position was more advantageous than that of Bugeng. This can be seen from the center of the country located on a large river in the East Aceh area, where this river leads to the Strait of Malacca. This is what makes Idi Rayeuk's country quickly known as the largest pepper producing area in Aceh because the area has a pepper exporting port so that pepper plantations are widely opened and cultivated by the local community (Hashim, 2015: 34-35).
At the beginning of the 13th century AD, Marco Polo had visited Sumatra and since then this area has been visited by many traders and merchants from Europe such as Portuguese and French, as well as foreign ethnic traders from Arabia, Egypt, Persia, India, and Chinese as well as Javanese, Minang, Langkat and other tribes starting to come to Sumatra until they reached Aceh to buy pepper. At that time, the transaction was carried out by the merchants by exchanging merchandise needed by the Acehnese such as clothes, lamps, and other grocery items, so that the merchandise was exchanged for pepper in Aceh. Therefore, the pepper trade in Aceh accelerated towards the 18th century (Hashim, 2015:32).
The area visited by them is the East Aceh area which used to be the main place that contributed the most pepper commodities to the Kingdom of Aceh. However, around the 19th century the East Aceh region had an internal conflict with the Kingdom of Aceh where the Uleebalangs did not want to give their taxes to the kingdom's central government, this made the Sultan furious and set a strategy to overcome this. One of the strategies carried out by Sultan Mansyur Shah is to open the country besides the country that does not want to submit to the kingdom opening this country is called a piece of pepper which means to open a Lada plantation, this strategy is able to weaken the influence of Uleebalang who do not want to submit to the center of the kingdom such as the Idi Rayeuk area, for example, which has to experience economic decline because the central government of the kingdom opened two influential countries beside it, namely simpang land Ulim and the land of Idi cut, this was deliberately done by the center because at that time the Dutch were already a big threat to the Kingdom of Aceh who tried to invade Aceh. At that time there were also several areas of Aceh that had been taken over by Dutch troops such as Batubara, Singkil, Langkat and others. (Ismail, 1991:38-48).
After several kingdoms that originally submitted to the Aceh Sultanate were successfully controlled by the Dutch, the position of the Dutch troops became stronger to subdue several other countries at that time, to control the country the Dutch issued a statement that for uleebalang who recognized Dutch rule, they would be given a gift in the form of a permanent position as head of the territory. If the invitation is not followed, emphasis will be made in the economic field. Areas that did not want to submit to the Dutch were subject to coastal blockades, so all docks, ports and coastal areas of Aceh were closed so that access in and out of goods could not be carried out.
Through this method, the uleebalang who did not submit experienced economic difficulties because they could not sell commodity products outside their area or bring in other goods to their territory. If this method does not affect the uleebalang, a tougher emphasis will be made, namely by directing military power. As a result of the Dutch ultimatum, the attitude of the state in East Aceh was divided. Strategic areas that have ports and their positions close to Penang Island prefer to secure themselves. It was this reason that caused Idi Rayeuk and the Rayeuk River to receive recognition of Dutch sovereignty at the time (Said, 2007:83-87).
This situation became more apparent by showing the political color of a king in the coastal area, at which time Idi Rayeuk had raised the Dutch flag on May 7, 1873. The flag was flown directly by the uleebalang Teuku Ben Guci received from the commander of the Timorese warship. Where the ship was a ship that guarded the entire coastal area of Aceh which was blockaded by the Dutch after the first aggression.
Idi Rayeuk has become a Dutch base as seen from the entry and exit of the den Briel and Timor warships to supervise all sea activities in East Aceh. Not only that, the Dutch also installed several cannons on the hill (the peudawa area now). The cannons were installed to be fired directly at the port of Kuala Idi so that the Dutch received fierce resistance from the Acehnese in Idi (Fadli Mahmud, interview 14 September 2021).
The arrival of the Dutch to Aceh to obtain pepper commodity products, where the Idi Rayeuk area was highly calculated because it had large amounts of pepper plantations that could contribute to the important economy to support Dutch finances. Unlike the Dutch, China even sought to establish good relations in the field of trade with Idi, this is what made the Chinese community well received by the Idi people so that they created a new civilization in the Idi area. The location of Idi Rayeuk is also very strategic because it is on the eastern coastline of Aceh, which is adjacent to the Strait of Malacca, this route is very important for world traders. Another strategic position is the location of the pier in line with Penang Island, which is a country that in the Idi Rayeuk saga is a center for traders to gather because it has access to Europe and America, these two continents are very mounted on the produce in Aceh (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021).

The Birth of the Port and TPI of Idi City
A port is a place consisting of land or water with certain boundaries as a place for government activities and activities that are used as a place for ships to lean, get on and off passengers, or a place for loading and unloading goods in the form of terminals and ship berths equipped with shipping safety and security facilities and port supporting activities. The birth of a port was due to the presence of fishermen who pocketed their hopes for a very diverse marine product, therefore a port was created to help fishermen to have a place to lean on ships or a place for loading and unloading goods carried by these fishermen.
The land of Idi Was originally part of the area of the Kingdom of Peureulak, where this area was a very dark area at that time. After the opening of the port of Pulau Pinang by Raffles in the 19th century, making Idi Rayeuk a port that is very well known by merchants because it is in line with Penang Island so that it can be used as a berth / place for ships of merchants who want to buy pepper commodity products from Idi. In the development of shipping, this is what makes the land of Idi known to all corners of the world because sea traffic relations are established in the area. Before being used as a place to transport the commodity products of pepper, nutmeg, and copra to neighboring countries, this port was used as a public port for the departure of pilgrims to the holy land of Mecca (Zainuddin, 1961: 207).
Kuala Idi Port was recommended as the largest port in Aceh at that time, where this port had an undersea telephone cable network connected to Penang Island so that many people from various regions stopped by this port, so Idi City was opened for the first time by Panglima Nyak Sim, Teuku Ben Guci and several other uleebalang. The location of Idi City is very strategic and coupled with the sophistication possessed by this city made sea trade run very quickly, so that Idi at that time had sea transportation related to Malaysia and Singapore. This strategic position is what makes Idi Rayeuk a gathering center for traders from various worlds including with access to European and American countries (Fadli Mahmud, interview 14 September 2021).
After the Bombing by the Dutch in Kuala Idi port, this port could no longer operate as before so this port was abandoned by the local community. This is what makes Kuala Idi a deserted place after the absence of activities in the port area. After a long time it was no longer used as an export-import port, this port was then used by H. Usman to unload fish at Kuala Idi port. The activities carried out by H. Usman made Kuala Idi Port function as a Fish Auction Place (TPI) because this port is very shallow, therefore kuala Idi port is very suitable for use as a TPI (Sulaiman, interview 15 September 2021).
In 1974 initially in the Gampong area of Java, a Fish Auction Place (TPI) was established over time the Fish Auction Place (TPI) was moved to the Blang Geuleumpang area. Then the status of this TPI was upgraded to a Fish Landing Base (PPI) in 1983. Along with its development, this port changed its function to become a fishing port, namely as a place for loading and unloading for fishermen, especially those in the Idi Rayeuk area and East Aceh Regency in general. Based on the Decree of the Governor of Nanggro Aceh Darussalam Province Number: 34 of 2003, PPI Idi was finally taken over its management under the Marine and Fisheries Service of Aceh Darussalam Province by establishing a Technical Implementation Unit of the Idi Fishing Port Service (UPTD) to accelerate the process of building and developing a fishing port.
The port construction process begins with land enlargement by relevant agencies (Irrigation Service, Aceh Marine and Fisheries Service, and Aceh Wealth and Revenue Service) which until now the available land has reached 61.5 ha. The construction of the jetty and break water was carried out in 2004 by the Irrigation Service and water resources whose length reached 800 meters jutting out into the sea. To accelerate the development and development process of the UPTD Idi Fishing Port, a Decree of the Governor of Aceh Number: 050/300/2009 was issued on June 17, 2009 concerning the establishment of the Kuala Idi Aceh Development Coordination Team consisting of sixteen officials related to carrying out the construction of the Idi fishing port in terms of development budget (pipp.djpt.kkp.go.id, (online) accessed July 26, 2021).

The Effect of Ports and TPI on Idi City
The fishing port has a function of supporting activities related to the management of fishing ports or fish landing bases, where fish landing bases have caused a very large influence on the economic growth of Idi City, not only that the existence of the Kuala Idi fishing port greatly affects the lives of the people of Kuala Idi where the people of Kuala Idi already have a permanent job at the fishing port (Sulaiman, interview September 15, 2021).
In essence, a fishing port is a fishing industry development area in an area where the development can be seen from the loading and unloading activities of fishery facilities, ranging from pre-production, production, management, to marketing. The Fish Landing Base in Idi Rayeuk is one of the type B fishing port bases, where the existence of KUALA Idi VAT has a significant impact on the welfare of coastal communities, both in positive and negative terms. The positive impact is the increase in business and the opening of new job opportunities or jobs for the surrounding community, which is very influential on people's income. Meanwhile, the negative impact of the Kuala Idi VAT is that people's income greatly affects fish production and ship visits every day (Insyafrijal, 2018: 105-109). Ships that come in and out every day at kuala Idi port are around 30-50 ships every day, so that the income from each ship reaches 20-30 tons every day (Sulaiman, interview 15 September 2021).

The Development of Idi City Before Becoming the Capital of the Regency
The development of Idi City before becoming the regency capital was as the capital of the district, where Idi Rayeuk District had a fish port as a place to lean ships or as a place for Fish Auctions (TPI). Idi Rayeuk is one of the regions that produces the largest fish production in Aceh, so the Idi Rayeuk area can support the economy of the East Aceh region. However, this did not allow the community's economy to develop because there were still many coastal communities without permanent jobs at that time. Therefore, during abdullah Puteh's time as governor of Aceh, he began to build a wider Idi pier to improve the Idi Rayeuk fishing port in order to help the welfare of the coastal communities of Kuala Idi (Hashim, 2015: 153).
The development of Idi City can be seen from various aspects, especially from the development of housing and settlements, the development of office centers and the development of markets and trade.
The city of Idi was basically already developed before the arrival of the Dutch Colonials to East Aceh. Idi is already known as the largest pepper commodity producing area in the Aceh area. As a pepper producing area, Idi is known in various parts of the world so that many merchants from various regions stop by and make settlements in Idi. Idi City is one of the areas that is an option as a place to live for merchants who stop by to trade, this can be seen from the construction of a vihara located in the middle of Idi Rayeuk City. The settlement chosen as a place to live at that time was in a river with an elongated pattern because at that time trade access was in the watershed (Hamidah, interview 16 September 2021).
Then after the Dutch Colonial entered Idi Rayeuk, the settlement pattern was made based on the tripartite classification. Where many Europeans settled in the middle of the city, the Settlements of Europeans were scattered randomly and not far from the city streets, not only European settlements in the middle of the Chinese residential city in the form of shop houses (shophouses) with typical Chinese architecture in rows in the Bandar Idi area (Gampong Java today). The Bandar Idi area was used as a settlement for Chinese and Foreign Easterners where at that time the other minority of Foreign Easterners were Indians who settled in the Bandar Idi area. Meanwhile, bumiputra settlements (Pasai, Pidie, and other Aceh areas) developed by the Dutch government itself are in Kuala Idi, Bandar Blang Seuguci, Bukit Pala, Tanjong Kapai and so on. The still very traditional settlements of Bumiputra are scattered irregularly in the suburbs and deepening areas (Umar, 2015:34-35).
In 1942 when the transition of power from Dutch colonial to Japanese the settlements in this area were still the same as those made by the Dutch government, except that at that time the settlements in several areas of this city had changed their names to Gampong Java, Gampong China, Keude Aceh, and Gampong Aceh. After Indonesian independence in 1945 the Idi Rayeuk area became an Auxiliary Regent area where in 1948 the Chinese people who settled in the Gampong area of Java (Bandar Idi) had been repatriated to their native areas so that the settlement in Gampong Java became empty only the Padang people are still settled today in this Area of Gampong Java. Not only the Chinese who were repatriated to their home areas, the workers who were imported from Java were also repatriated that year as well so that the Idi Rayeuk area only had a few villages at that time (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021). Then since 2000 the beginning of the conflict in the Idi Rayeuk area where at that time there were 36 houses that had been burned, including 8 police dormitory units and the other houses were owned by themselves so that at that time employees or keuchik-keuchik who worked in the Idi area ran to the Langsa area to save themselves (Fithri, 2013:15). After the conflict was over, a lot of residents made new housing in the Idi Rayeuk area so that the population spread in this area was increasing year by year.

Development of Office Centers
Idi City is a city located in the coastal area of the east coast of Aceh which directly faces the Indian Ocean, where during the royal period Idi City was open to the public and anyone could stop in this area as a trading destination with a note that they had to pay taxes to the royal officers who were there, the royal officers had posts small that serves as a taxation office.
Over time, the Uleebalang people of the Idi Rayeuk area controlled their own trade in their own territory, so that in the period before the Aceh War there were those who no longer wanted to pay tribute to the Kingdom of Aceh at the center because they felt that everything they got in their territory was their property and did not have to be given to the kingdom. However, Habib Abdurrahman as a regional official was unable to resolve the dispute between the Uleebalangs and the royal party at that time (Ismail, 1991:116-117).
Since the outbreak of the Dutch war in 1873 all areas on the east coast of Aceh have been curated by Dutch troops because at that time the Uleebalang had signed a letter of recognition of the Sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies Korte Verklaring (Short Treaty). At that time it was Idi Rayeuk who first made peace with the Dutch by flying the Dutch flag since May 7, 1873 led by T. Ben Guci where at that time Teuku Chik Ben Guci was the one who became Uleebalang in Idi Rayeuk, not only that on April 15, 1874 Teuku Chik Ben Guci had officially recognized the Sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies in Aceh. (Umar, 2015:42).
From this recognition, the government biocracy began to take shape in 1875 by placing the East Aceh area under the Resident Assistant who was originally in Idi Rayeuk who was then moved to the Langsa area to take over the duties carried out by the Commander of the Dutch East Indies Naval Station to manage political affairs (Ismail, 1991: 2-3). The colonial bureaucratic structure was formed because it was to determine the authority in order to obtain the same unity of direction and goals so that cooperation coordination was needed to get what was expected. The need for this bureaucracy to regulate large things so that with the bureaucracy it will easily solve the problems faced by each region. (Munawiah, 2007:69-70).
At the time of the arrival of the Dutch to Aceh and succeeded in controlling Aceh after carrying out war for more than 30 years the Dutch finally established a house for the head of the region (controluer) in the Idi Rayeuk area in 1903 to control the policies to be set in Idi Rayeuk, where the Dutch chose Idi Rayeuk as their controluer because the location of Idi Rayeuk was easy to reach throughout the interior so that Idi City was suitable to be used as a place to be used as a place kewedanan, not only that made Idi chosen as a place of colonial womanhood but also because of the existence of a fishing port which became the benchmark for Idi's choice as a controluer. In addition to the controluer there are several other offices made during the Dutch position in Idi Rayeuk, namely The Comanttee (Pamong Praja), Central Biru (Telephone Office), Post Office, Railway Office, and so on. This was made in the context of implementing Dutch politics in order to advance the people's economy and also to increase the intelligence of the surrounding community by establishing schools for the Idi Rayeuk community (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021).
It began with the arrival of the Japanese on March 12, 1942, signaling a transition of power between the Dutch and Japan. Where the beginning of the arrival of the Japanese army to Aceh had been carried out 3 landings in various places, namely in Krueng Raya (Aceh Besar), Sabang (Weh Island), and Kuala Bugak close to Peureulak (East Aceh). The landing they made did not get obstacles from various parties because before his arrival, the Japanese had already approached by creating a favorable political atmosphere, the atmosphere was carried out by establishing direct contact with the leaders of the PUSA (Union of Ulama Of All Aceh) so that the beginning of the arrival of the Japanese army did not get the struggle of the people. Not only that, the arrival of the Japanese army to Aceh is considered a savior that has been long awaited by the community (Ali, 1984: 132-135). The first effort made by the Japanese when they became the regional leader of Aceh was to regulate all systems of government. Where the system implemented by the Japanese government is not much different from the system established during the Dutch colonial period. But what is different is only the naming in the biocratic structure such as afdeling replaced with bunshu, onderafdeling replaced with gun, uleebalangschaap replaced with son, settlement replaced with ku, and Gampong replaced with kumi (Sufi, 2008:37).
The application of the same government system as during the Dutch colonial era was still applied by the Japanese where office buildings previously used by the Dutch government were still also used by the Japanese government but there was a name change only such as Landschap Recht (Religious Court) was renamed Soon Koo Ho In, and other offices were partly used for purposes and some were not used (Fadli Mahmud, interview September 14, 2021). After independence the controluer building which was established as the dutch inspector's house in East Aceh became the office of the assistant wedana where the office of the assistant wedana was still at the same level as the controluer as well, except that the mention was transferred to the Indonesian, while the system was still the same as the government system left by the Dutch. Then in 1959 the government system had changed due to the dissolution of the assistants and also the police district which caused this area to have begun to seclude in silence which resulted in trains used as a means of transportation to each area also stopped in 1972 where at that time the train station which was originally crowded with local residents turned into a dead station because the train no longer operated in the Idi area Rayeuk so that this area experienced prolonged silence (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021). Then in 1974 to 2005 there was a Fish Auction Place (TPI) in the Tanoh Anoe area where this area was used as a fish landing place and also as a storage place for fresh fish from fishermen's catches. Not only the TPI in the Idi Rayeuk area at that time other offices had already been built in this area such as: the Resident Assistant Service Office, the PPT Office (Post, Telegraph, and Telecommunications), the Idi Rayeuk Prosecutor's Office, the Sharia Court Office, and the Idi Rayeuk Sub-district Office (Fithri, 2019:74).

Development of Trade Centers
Since the early shipping and trade period Aceh has been known as a place to provide basic commodities for major countries in various parts of the world, many of the foreign countries stopped in aceh's waters and trading cities to obtain various types of cooking spices, medicines, and other earth's wealth. So many people from outside Aceh are amazed at Aceh's produce. Spices produced from various regions make the Aceh area visited by many people outside the region.
Initially, the trading center of Idi City was in the tanjong kapai and Blang Seuguci areas, where all the basic needs of the people were in the area. At that time the Tanjong Kapai and Blang Seuguci areas were visited by many migrants to buy produce such as pepper, copra, betel nut and others to meet their needs, at that time the Idi area was getting more and more developed because the trading center was in the watershed which had a port for the docking of merchant ships so that foreign traders easily bought pepper commodities in the Idi Rayeuk (Amin, 2017:4).
After the East Coast of Aceh was blockade by the Dutch government in 1971, the Idi area was no longer allowed to be visited by traders from Penang, consisting mainly of Chinese and British traders because the Dutch prohibited foreign traders from opening trade relations with Aceh, so the ban drew strong protests by traders in Penang because previously the traders from Penang had previously paid a down payment to buy pepper from farmers. At the time of the blockade on the East coast of Aceh, traders from Penang suffered a lot of losses because the Dutch government issued a policy for the implementation of permits that must first be taken care of to the Dutch in Penang. The regulation imposed is solely to limit the activities of traders from Penang who have been carrying out many trading activities in Aceh (Hartutik, 2017: 78-79). Then after the Aceh area was controlled by the Japanese, trade in this area was still the same as the trade carried out during the Dutch era except that all the proceeds from the commodities traded had to be paid to the central government because the proceeds from these commodities would be used for war purposes, this was what made the people even more tormented because all the results they got so hard had to be taken away by the rulers.
In 1945 when Japan had already lost the Greater East Asia war and granted independence to the Indonesian nation, trade in the Idi Rayeuk area had begun to recede because the trade carried out with the Penang people no longer existed because the export of produce in Aceh had been taken over by the port of Belawan in North Sumatra, so that in 1948 the Chinese traders who traded in Idi Rayeuk were also repatriated to their respective areas, this is what caused the silence in the Idi Rayeuk area because with the repatriation of the Chinese to their respective areas of trade in this area also died. After experiencing a long silence this area finally began to spread its wings through international trade where from 1974 to 2005 this area had exported fishermen's catches to several regions such as Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines. In addition to being the largest exporter of fish catches in Aceh, this area has also become a trading center in its own area so that there are several shopping centers in this area such as supermarkets, clothing stores, optics, pharmacies, hotels, coffee shops, regional culinary, and so on. (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021).

Background of the Designation of Idi City as the District Capital
At first Idi was one of the ancient cities in the east coast of Aceh which experienced several changes along with the times. The development of Idi can be seen from the royal era, where Idi was part of the Perlak Kingdom at that time. Then during the Dutch Colonial rule the city of Idi was designated as a kewedanan or as a place of Dutch rule which was the same level as the regency.
After Indonesia became independent, Idi City became the largest fish producing area in Aceh and also became the capital of the sub-district. Since the issuance of Law Number 3 of 2001 concerning the establishment of Langsa City as a self-owned city entity, East Aceh Regency has not had a definitive regency capital where at that time the capital of East Aceh Regency was still relying on Langsa City. This is what makes a number of community leaders and leaders of Peureulak District and Idi Rayeuk District try to offer their area to become the capital of East Aceh Regency. Community leaders and leaders favor each other's regional privileges in order to become the capital of East Aceh Regency (Hashim, 2015: 127).
The desire of the two regions to become the capital of East Aceh Regency was further tapered, so the local government took a middle ground to form a new city called Bandar Khalifah, which was located exactly in the middle of Idi Rayeuk and Peureulak. Bandar Khalifah is located in Peudawa District which is considered a neutral city that does not favor Idi Rayeuk or Peureulak. This caliph's port later became the temporary capital of East Aceh. In this area, it was also planned to build an integrated office for the center of government of East Aceh, but the plan later changed (Fadli Mahmud, interview 14 September 2021). At the time of determining which area should be the capital of East Aceh Regency, a marathon meeting was held by inviting local officials, community leaders, academics, and religious leaders to find solutions to the problems at hand. The meeting was held by Mustafa Abu Bakar as the mediator of both sides, so the step taken was to ask for input from local acting officials, such as the chief of police, the chief of the district attorney and the commander of the military district command. A number of politicians in the East Aceh Regional People's Representative Council were also asked for consideration for the feasibility of the two sub-districts to become district capitals. Input was also traced from a seminar forum that explored strategic considerations to decide the district capital (Hashim, 2015: 128 With various considerations of the interests and sustainability of East Aceh Regency, especially in the field of regional economy, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) agreed that Idi Rayeuk deserves to be the capital of East Aceh Regency. After the approval was given by the DPRD in the plenary session of the Council, Idi Rayeuk was officially designated as the capital of East Aceh Regency, therefore Mr. Azwar as the Regent at that time immediately embraced peureulak community leaders to convince them of the decision that had been set.
Idi Rayeuk's decision is designated as the capital of the regency because it can support the regional economy and can also prosper the people of East Aceh Regency in general, especially because Idi Rayeuk District has wealth in the field of fisheries and also horticultural crops. Idi Rayeuk Subdistrict also received the honor of the Council to be an icon of East Aceh in terms of history, education and the center of Islamic civilization. After all circles accepted the decision that it was Idi Rayeuk who became the district capital, all files were submitted to the office of the Ministry of Home Affairs for the ratification of Idi Rayeuk as the capital of East Aceh Regency, which through several meetings held with the East Aceh government and the central government team attended by the acting Ministry of Home Affairs and the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, then Idi Rayeuk was designated as the capital of East Aceh Regency through the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 of 2007 signed by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Hashim, 2015:129).

The Development of Idi City After Becoming the Capital of the Regency
The development of Idi City after becoming the capital of the regency can be seen from the development of the government center, the existence of highway access, the development in the field of infrastructure and other developments carried out by the regional government in order to meet the facilities of the regency capital area. However, even though all facilities have been equipped by the local government, there are some inadequate facilities in the Idi Rayeuk area, namely clean water facilities, tourist attractions and the absence of a city market (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021). The benchmarks for the development of Idi City after becoming the district capital are:

Housing and Residential Development
Settlement is a residential area or residence of Idi Rayeuk residents who are spatially located in the Sumatran traffic lane. Where the settlement pattern of Idi Rayeuk after becoming the district capital in 2006 became a centralized settlement pattern, the pattern has its own center of activity so that there are several coastal areas directed at the "linear-satellite" pattern (the center of settlement is oriented towards the Medan-Banda Aceh national road). Residential areas will be spread on access roads to the western and central parts of East Aceh Regency. The development of this settlement is carried out to improve the quality of settlements in rural areas so that people who are in the deepening have access to clean water facilities so that they do not have to struggle to find clean water. Not only that, this development is carried out in order to realize rural residential areas based on spatial plans, development sustainable development of superior commodities and empowering community-based rural communities (Maimun, 2016: 43).
The development and development of rural residential areas is carried out in order to realize the implementation of holistic, integrative, thematic and spansial rural area development in an effort to accelerate the improvement of village empowerment through participatory development with a village approach through the development of rural areas. The construction site of the Idi Rayeuk rural area is divided into two priorities, namely national priorities and regional priorities. The East Aceh Regency RTRW planning was organized for residential centers/cities along the state roads and provincial roads to be maintained and cities on the riverside to be developed by maintaining local aspects. The fundamental local aspect is its relation to flood prone and conservation areas and buffers that function as protected areas.
The pattern of settlement distribution in the Idi Rayeuk area tends to be concentrated in the capital with linear space on the main road corridor and major rivers, so that development in a residential area needs to be considered for the existence of a local road network, sewerage so that the quality and quantity of water becomes better. The conditions described are strongly influenced by the level of welfare and economic level of the community, the number of inhabitants and the suitability of the land needed to make settlements must be coordinated as well as possible so that the community can make a comfortable settlement.

Development of Office Centers
After Idi Rayeuk became the capital of East Aceh Regency in 2006, the administrative center of East Aceh Regency was still in the Langsa City area until 2012 because at that time Idi City was still in the stage of urban development and expansion, therefore with the establishment of Idi Rayeuk as the Regency Capital in East Aceh in 2007 the construction of buildings began to be carried out to support the running of the East Aceh Regency government, where the Idi rakyeuk office center was deliberately built in a complex so that it was easy to be coordinated by the local government.
The construction of the government center of East Aceh Regency was completed in 2012, at that time the office was not at all used as a regional government center because there were still many employees who did not want to was moved on the grounds that the distance between the office and their residence was very far, so the Regent of East Aceh Regency issued a policy against government employees. The policy issued by the regent is the provision of a bus to take and pick up employees whose residences are in the Langsa area so that there are no more obstacles to activating the offices that have been built in the district capital. (H.M Yusuf, interview 20 September 2021). The office only really moved from Langsa City to Idi Rayeuk in 2015, because at that time not all buildings could be occupied by office employees. After the construction is completed, then the East Aceh Regency government office was moved from Langsa City to the hilly area of Titi Baro where this area was used as an office area for East Aceh Regency, of course, this made it easier for the community to take care of all the needs they needed. The existence of offices in the Titi Baro area is very helpful for the community's economy because the field used to hold important ceremonies can be used by the community to meet their needs by selling in the field every afternoon (Hashim, 2015: 132). The offices built in the hilly area of Titi Baro are: East Aceh District Education Office, East to develop in the area. However, as the district capital, Idi Rayeuk should already have a city market that is suitable for occupancy so that all the needs of the community can be met through the city market.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research that has been carried out in accordance with the stages of the historical research method, it can be concluded as follows: Idi City is very synonymous with the fish port city because this city is one of the most famous fish producing areas in the Aceh area. Idi Rayeuk Port is very different from other fish ports because this port is specially made to export fishermen's catches, so that the catch can be sold directly to the international market so that the price of the catch can benefit local fishermen. Idi Rayeuk before becoming the district capital was one of the sub-district capitals in East Aceh Regency. The establishment of Idi Rayeuk as the capital of the regency in 2006 was because it could affect the economy of an area, because Idi Rayeuk was already famous as a center of trade, and the center of government during the Dutch colonial period. Idi Rayeuk is very suitable to be a district capital, because it has a fishing port that can help the community in terms of work so as to reduce the unemployment rate in the East Aceh Regency area.
After Idi Rayeuk was inaugurated as the capital of East Aceh Regency in 2007 the city underwent very significant changes where these changes can be seen from the construction of a government center built in the Titi Baro area, then the construction of regional priority rural areas and national priorities, the construction of two-lane roads to avoid congestion, the construction of infrastructure needed by the community and the relocation of traditional markets for the convenience of the community.